Action classification

A good look at the index of this book indicates the items commonly encountered in examinations. The index is an exhaustive one and is divided into proprietary names, generic names, subject areas and conditions. A self-assessment exercise is to check that you have adequate knowledge of examples of the topics listed above and then attempt the tests. A review of the drugs in the index provides examples of medicines that certainly need attention. You should be familiar with the action, classification, side-effects, clinically significant drug interactions, contraindications and cautions of a number of classes of drugs, such as ... 

Diuretic drugs their sites and modes of action, classification, adverse effects and uses in cardiac, hepatic, renal and other conditions... 

The contribution FRAC Mode of Action Classification and Resistance Risk of Fungicides (Chapter 12), starting with a short introduction on the history of fungicides, explains the importance of individual modes of action relative to their market penetration, their mechanisms and occurrence of resistance, the importance and occurrence of practical resistance on the management of fungicide resistance by FRAC (Fungicide Resistance Action Committee) and its recommendations to farmers related to the modes of action of the different fungicides. 

FRAC Mode of Action Classification and Resistance Risk of Fungicides... 

Table 12.2 Sales of fungicide groups as a % of total fungicide market in 2004. Mode of action classifications refer to FRAC codes as given in Tables 12.6-12.18. (Data Source Phillips McDougall 2005 (estimated total fungicide sales in 2004 US 7.33 billion).)...

I 12 FRAC Mode of Action Classification and Resistance Risk of Fungicides Table 12.11 Group F Fungicides interfering with lipid and membrane synthesis, cell wall deposition. 

I RAC, Insecticide Resistance and Mode of Action Classification of Insecticides... 

It is fully recognized that resistance of insects and mites to insecticides and acaricides can, and frequently does, result from enhanced metabolism by enzymes overexpressed due to insecticide selection pressure. Such metabolic resistance mechanisms are not linked to any specific site of action classification and therefore they may confer cross-resistance to insecticides in more than one IRAC MoA group. Where such metabolic resistance has been characterized and the crossresistance spectrum is known, it is possible that certain alternations, sequences or rotations of MoA groups cannot be used. Similarly, mechanisms of reduced penetration of the pesticide into the pest, or behavioral changes of the pest, may also confer resistance to multiple MoA groups. Where such mechanisms are known to give cross-resistance between MoA groups, the use of insecticides should be modified appropriately. 

I 24 IRAQ Insecticide Resistance and Mode of Action Ciassification of Insecticides Table 24.1 I RAC mode of action classification v 5.1, September 2005W. 

Many different biochemical targets in mites have been addressed in recent decades for the development of new acaricides [1, 2]. One group of acaricides are known as mite growth inhibitors and are classified in group 10 of the IRAC (Insecticide Resistance Action Committee) mode of action classification scheme (www.irac-online.org). Mite growth regulators such as clofentezine (1), diflovidazin (2) hexythiazox (3) and etoxazole (4) are presented in this chapter, because they share some common characteristics (Fig. 26.2.1). 

The compounds interfere with mite development and show activity against all juvenile stages of mites (eggs, larvae, nymphs) except adults. Cross-resistance occurs between some of these compounds and, therefore, they have been grouped together in the group 10 of the IRAC Mode of action classification scheme mentioned above [3]. 

IRAC. IRAC Mode of Action Classification. http//www.irac-online.org/documents/moa/ MoAv5 l.pdf. 2005. 

Insecticide Resistance Action Committee Mode of Action Classification v4.2.1, 2005. 

Table 11.3 Retrofit Action Classification Based on the Type of Bottleneck...

Categorize 100 % of total inventory (active, usable, excess, obsolete) for appropriate action Classification of inventory with respect to different criteria 2-Modularization and vertical range of value creation o... 

After identifying the safety commitments, we can translate them into formal specifications to be able to verify them with formal verification methods in the next step. Based on the classification of safety requirements for formal verification which are described in [13] by Friedemann, we mapped the four types of the hazardous control action classifications to the formal specification. 

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