Acidic tail

A typical biomembrane consists largely of amphiphilic lipids with small hydrophilic head groups and long hydrophobic fatty acid tails. These amphiphiles are insoluble in water (<10 ° mol L ) and capable of self-organization into uitrathin bilaycr lipid membranes (BLMs). Until 1977 only natural lipids, in particular phospholipids like lecithins, were believed to form spherical and related vesicular membrane structures. Intricate interactions of the head groups were supposed to be necessary for the self-organization of several ten thousands of... 

Tag open-cup test Taguchi designs Taguchi gas sensors Taiguie acid Tailings... 

Sulfur Dioxide Processing, Repriuts of 1972—1974 Chem. Eng. Prog, articles, AIChE, New York (1975). Contaius thirteen papers on flue gas desulfurization, two on SO2 control iu pulp and paper, one on sulfuric acid tail gas, one on SO2 from ore roasting, and two on NO from nitric acid. 

Eor the octapeptius, omit the dipeptide, L-Thr-X, iu the amino acid tail. 

Figure 41-5. Diagram of a section of a bilayer membrane formed from phospholipid molecules. The unsaturated fatty acid tails are kinked and lead to more spacing between the polar head groups, hence to more room for movement. This in turn results in increased membrane fluidity. (Slightly modified and reproduced, with permission, from Stryer L Biochemistry, 2nd ed. Freeman, 1981.)...

Since a-tocopherol destroys nitrite in the system in absence of the oil phase, we may postulate that the ineffectiveness of these two oil soluble inhibitors resulted from their absence from the aqueous phase. Diethanolamine is miscible with water and presumably its nitrosation occurs in the aqueous phase. There is a significant difference in the solubility characteristics of ascorbyl palmitate. The reducing portion of the molecule is water soluble. Thus the ascorbate moiety may be in the aqueous phase while the fatty acid tails may lie within the oil globules. The a-tocopherol and the BHA may well be effective if they are dispersed in the aqueous phase after preparation of the emulsion. This will be investigated in future experiments. 

Franklin s teaspoon of oil (assuming a density 0.9 g/mL and average fatty-acid molecular weight 280 g/mol) would contain 10+22 fatty-acid tails. The half-acre pond surface covered by the oil, 2000 m2, is about 2 x 10+23 A2. So, each tail would be expected to occupy about 20 A2, assuming that a single monolayer (25 A calculated thickness) of oil formed on the surface of the pond. 

We may thus conclude after this short overview on DeNO technologies that NH3-SCR using catalysts based on V-W-oxides supported on titania is a well-established technique for stationary sources of power plants and incinerators, while for other relevant sources of NO, such as nitric acid tail gases, where emissions are characterized from a lower temperature and the presence of large amounts of NOz, alternative catalysts based on transition metal containing microporous materials are possible. Also, for the combined DeNO -deSO, alternative catalysts would be necessary, because they should operate in the presence of large amounts of SO,.. Similarly, there is a need to develop new/improved catalysts for the elimination of NO in FCC emissions, again due to the different characteristics of the feed with respect to emissions from power plants. 

Yamagushi, M., Matsushite, K. and Takami, K. (1976) Remove nitrogen oxides (NOx) from nitric acid tail gas, Hyd. Proc. 55(8), 101. 

Phospholipids are the most important of these liposomal constituents. Being the major component of cell membranes, phospholipids are composed of a hydrophobic, fatty acid tail, and a hydrophilic head group. The amphipathic nature of these molecules is the primary force that drives the spontaneous formation of bilayers in aqueous solution and holds the vesicles together. 

Glycolipids are carbohydrate-containing molecules, usually of sphingosine derivation, possessing a hydrophobic, fatty acid tail that embeds them into membrane bilayers. The hydrophilic... 

Phospholipids are detergents they have a hydrophobic part (the fatty acid tail) and a hydrophilic part (the head) (Fig. 3-1). The phospholipids... 

HMGB proteins including HMGBl ([96,97] A. Simpson and J. O. Thomas, unpublished) and HMG-D [87] can also interact directly in vitro with histone HI. The interaction of HMG-D is independent of the acidic tail (suggesting that, in this case at least, non-specific charge interactions involving the tail can be excluded) but requires aminoacids 75-100, which comprise a short linker and basic region between the HMG box and the tail [87]. 

The postulated interaction of the acidic tail of abundant HMGB proteins with core histones might suggest possible functional differences between the two major... 

Payet, D. and Travers, A.A. (1997) The acidic tail of the high mobility group protein HMG-D modulates the structural selectivity of DNA binding. J. Mol. Biol. 266, 66-75. 

Wisniewski, J.R., Szewczuk, Z., Petry, I., Schwanbeck, R., and Renner, U. (1999) Constitutive phosphorylation of the acidic tails of the high mobility group 1 proteins by casein kinase II alters their conformation, stability, and DNA binding specificity. J Biol. Chem. 274, 20116-20122. 

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