Acid-treated molasses

In the acid hydrolysis process (79—81), wood is treated with concentrated or dilute acid solution to produce a lignin-rich residue and a Hquor containing sugars, organic acids, furfural, and other chemicals. The process is adaptable to all species and all forms of wood waste. The Hquor can be concentrated to a molasses for animal feed (82), used as a substrate for fermentation to ethanol or yeast (82), or dehydrated to furfural and levulinic acid (83—86). Attempts have been made to obtain marketable products from the lignin residue (87) rather than using it as a fuel, but currently only carbohydrate-derived products appear practical. 

Diheterolevulosan was first prepared by Pictet and Chavan67 by treating D-fructose with concentrated hydrochloric acid. Schlubach and Behre68 prepared the same compound by the action of liquid hydrogen chloride on dry fructose in a sealed tube. Sattler and Zerban6 have found this difructose anhydride in the unfermentable residue obtained from cane molasses. 

Clark DS, Submerged citric acid fermentation of ferrocyanide-treated beet molasses Morphology of pellets oiAspergillus niger. Can J Microbiol... 

The richest dietary sources of total iron are organ meats (liver and kidney), egg yolk, dried legumes, com, molasses and parsley. Liver is particularly valuable because of the high absorbability of its iron. However, only about 10% of dietary iron is absorbed. Iron deficiency anemia can be treated with soluble iron(II) compounds providing 200 mg in three or four daily divided doses. Oral iron(II) sulfate is the least expensive and is in wide use. Ascorbic acid increases the absorption efficiency of iron(II) sulfate. Parenteral administration of iron is used when oral iron is ineffective. Iron-dextran, a colloid formed from iron(III) chloride and an alkali-modified dextran, is one of several preparations available which has found extensive clinical use. It contains up to 28% Fe by weight and has a structural similarity to ferritin. Transfusion therapy may also be used in severe chronic anemia or acute hemorrhage. 

The reaction of an aqueous solution of sucrose with glycinamide at 140° has been reported to give a mixture which contains 2,5-bis(I> fl o-tetrahydroxybutyl)-pyrazine and 2-(D-iiraf>o-tetrahydroxybutyl)-5-hydroxypyrazine (1073) and molasses inverted with 30% sidfuric acid and treated with ammonia under pressure produced a mixture containing 2-hydroxymethylpyrazine, 5-hydroxy-2-methyl-pyrazine, and 2-ara6o-tetrahydroxybutyl-6-methylpyrazine (47). 

Some mention should be made of a pseudo-activated carbon prepared by treating wood, peat, molasses, and similar materials with concentrated sulfuric or phosphoric acid, and heating to 120° to 300° C.69,70 The pseudo-carbon residue, after being washed with water, has adsorptive and ionic-exchange properties. These pseudocarbons should be used in their original wet state because drying causes a loss of adsorptive power. 

Molasses, which is a by-product of the sugar beet and sugarcane industries (see p. 536), was one of the earhest silage additives to be used as a source of sugars. The by-product has a water-soluble carbohydrate content of about 700 g/kg DM the additive has been shown to increase the dry matter and lactic acid contents, and to reduce the pH and ammonia levels in treated silages. 

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