Acid Natron

MCRS Refined Naphthenic Acid MCRS Semi-Refined Naphthenic Acid Trade Names Containing MCRS Specialty Blends Naphthenic acid aluminum salt. See Aluminum naphthenate Naphthenic acid lead saH. See Lead naphthenate Naphthenic acids. See Naphthenic acid Naphthenic acids, sodium salt. See Sodium naphthenate Naphthenic acid zinc salt. See Zinc naphthenate P-NaphthylsuHonic acid. See 2-Naphthalenesulfonic acid Natron. See Sodium carbonate Natural calcium carbonate. See Calcium carbonate Natural orange 4. See Annatto (Bixa orellana)... 

The sal natron liquor, prepared by heating crude nitrate from the aqua vicja tanks with 15 per cent, of coal dust, is made into a cone 5 ft. high with a kind of moat dug round the base of the cone. The cone is sat. with water and ignited. The crude sodium carbonate formed fuses and runs into the pit. The product dissolved in water forms the sal natron liquor. The sodium bisulphate soln. is made by passing the fumes of burning sulphur into the sal natron liquor. The liquid acid is then acid enough to liberate iodic acid from iodates. 

Yet a fourth method for the synthesis of M-amino acids is by reductive ami-natron of art a>kett add with ammonia and a reducing agent (Section 24.Sk... 

Berthollet reasoned that such an exchange of bases did not take place because the partition of acids and bases was in effect. When the exchange did occur, it was due not to the affinities in action, but to other real causes such as crystallization and precipitation. Chemists had inadvertently ascribed the strongest affinities to the substances that precipitated easily. Other causes, such as heat and efflorescence, also contributed to the outcome of complex affinities, as was the case for natron. In short, elective affinity involved an unsaturated substance, while complex affinities worked between saturated substances. The notion of elective affinity was tightly bound to the analytic procedure in which two acids, one combined in the salt and the other free, had to compete for the common base. 

Assuming saturation with natron at atmospheric CO2 pressure (10" bar) and 25°C, MINTEQA2 computes pH = 10.14. Highly alkaline surface water pH s are also caused by photosynthetic depletion of dissolved carbonic acid. 

Al-Razi described much other equipment that would be familiar to any student of chemistry beakers, flasks, crystallizing dishes, spatulas, funnels, filters made of cloth, and pestles and mortars. His shelves contained not only all the known metals, but also many other substances such as pyrites, malachite, lapis lazuli, gypsum, hematite, galena, turquoise, stibnite, alum, green vitriol, natron, borax, salt, lime, potash, cinnabar, white and red lead, iron oxide, copper oxide, vinegar, and probably caustic soda, glycerol, and sulfuric and nitric acids. 

Although the Arrhenius model is useful in explaining many acidic and basic solutions, it has some shortcomings. For example, ammonia (NH3) and sodium carbonate (Na2C03) do not contain a hydroxide group, yet both substances produce hydroxide ions in solution and are well-known bases. Sodium carbonate is the compound that causes the alkalinity of Lake Natron, Tanzania, which is shown in Figure 18.5. Clearly, a model that includes all bases is needed. 

Synonyms Bisodium carbonate Calcined soda Carbonic acid disodium salt Crystol carbonate Disodium carbonate Natron Sal soda Soda ash Soda calcined Sodium carbonate (2 1)... 

Geuther acted on acetic ester with sodium and obtained a crystalline compound which he called Dimethylencarbonathylen-Natron on heating this in a current of carbon dioxide he obtained acetoacetic ester, b.p. i8o 8°. In 1866 he found that this is easily obtained by the action of acetic acid on the sodium compound. ... 

In other civilizations (Mesopotamian, Greek), plant ash (potash) was used as a source of alkali. In contrast to natron (as may be expected), these plant ashes were rich in potassium. Mesopotamian sources reveal that plant ashes were used for glass making, and the Bible reports the use of borite ashes by the Old Testament fullers (Malachi 3 2). Ammonia obtained from stale urine was used in the textile industry in the Middle Ages. This historical introduction emphasizes the fact that many of the acids and alkalies used in the pre-scientific age were of biological origin. 

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