Acetone deproteination with

Watson and coworkers (68,69) studied in details the mechanical reaction of systems of natural rubber plus poly(methyl methacrylate), using a laboratory masticator at 76 rpm, in a nitrogen atmosphere at 15° C. Prior to mastication, the deproteinized crepe rubber was extracted with acetone, imbibed with mdnomer and allowed to homogenize for 16 h, in the absence of light It must be underlined that, with limited mastication and reaction heat dissipation, the actual rubber temperature was much higher the maximum recorded was about 50° C and... 

Carotenoids are commonly extracted from liquid samples (plasma/serum) into lipophilic solvents such as hexane, hexane-ethyl acetate, or diethyl ether, mostly after deproteinization with ethanol or methanol, which also helps to liberate the lipidic substances from protein binding. Extracts should be protected from light and acids and antioxidants may usefully be added. The extract is either used as such or is concentrated under oxygen-free nitrogen. Solid samples, e.g., foods, are either extracted with a solvent miscible with water (acetone, methanol) or, after dehydration of the sample, with a water immiscible solvent. Cleanup of the extract and fractionation of the pigments may involve saponification and/or open-column chromatography. 

Sample extraction and deproteinization is usually accomplished with organic solvents including ethyl acetate (182-187, 189-192), acetone (193-196), methanol (177,197-200), acetonitrile (201,202), and ethanol (188). To optimize the extraction efficiency, acidification of the sample has been suggested by many workers (177, 188, 192, 197-199). In acidic conditions (pH 3), quinolones, being zwitterions, are fully protonated and, therefore, are becoming less bound by the matrix and more soluble in organic extraction solvents. Extraction of quinolones from food samples can also be accomplished using water (203), phosphate buffer, pH 9 (204), or trichloroacetic acid (205). 

Extraction/deproteinization has been performed by either vortexing liquid samples or homogenizing semisolid samples with acetonitrile (227, 382, 383, 386-392), methanol (14, 393-395), methanol/water mixtures (396-401), ethyl acetate (384,402-406), dichloromethane (379,380,407), and acetone (408,409). Nonpolar organic solvents, such as isooctane (410, 411) and toluene (407), have also been reported to work extremely well for extracting salinomycin and dimetridazole from chicken tissues, respectively. Sample extraction with these nonpolar solvents yields a cleaner extract and an easier workup than extraction with commonly used polar solvents. However, selecting an extraction solvent is critical in establishing an analytical method because it is closely related to the cleanup systems. 

Whey permeate may also be fermented anaerobically to fuel gas. Studies have also been reported on the production of ammonium lactate by continuous fermentation of deproteinized whey to lactic acid followed by neutralization with ammonia. Conversion of whey and whey permeate to oil and single-cell protein with strains of Candida curvata and Trichosporon cutaneum have been examined. Production of the solvents n-butanol and acetone by Clostridium acetobutylicum or C. butyricum is under investigation in New Zealand. Whey permeate also has potential for citric acid and acrylic acid manufacture. Extracellular microbial polysaccharide production from whey permeate has... 

Procedure. Deproteinize about 10 ml. of blood, containing more than 100 /Lig of morphine, with acetone or ethanol. Centrifuge off the precipitate, distil off the acetone and dissolve the residue in 0-3 ml. of 0-1 n hydrochlorie acid. Place an aliquot portion of this solution on a paper strip, and prepare a one-dimensional chromatogram using a butanol-acetic acid mixture. Detect the position and area of the spots from the fluorescence after irradiation by a u.v. lamp. Cut a square of paper, about 2 cm broad, around the spot and place it in a test tube. Elute the paper with 2 ml. of 1 N hydrochloric acid for 12 hr, then with another 2 ml. of 1 N hydrochloric acid for 2 hr and finally with 1 ml. of 1 N hydrochloric acid for 1 hr. Nitrate and carry out the determination in the joint eluates by the procedure given on p. 118. 

Broadly, the three different steps involved in the preparation of chitin from crustacean shells can be classified as demineralization, deproteinization and decoloration, which is then followed by its alkaline deacetylation for the synthesis of chitosan [10,11]. Briefly, the outer crustacean shells are initially removed from the shrimps and crabs and washed with cold water, dried in the sun and demineralized with 1.25 N HCl at room temperature. The shells are then washed with water to remove acid and calcium chloride. They are then deproteinated by boiling with 5% sodium hydroxide (NaOH) for 15 min. This process of deproteinization is repeated to completely remove the protein content from the shells and then washed with water to neutrality. It is then decolorized with acetone to remove the remaining pigments and the resultant product is chitin, which is then dried imder the sun [12,13],... 

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