Acetogens

The autotropic pathway for acetate synthesis among the acetogenic bacteria has been examined (67). Quantitative fermentation of one mole of glucose [50-99-7] yields three moles of acetic acid, while two moles of xylose [58-86-6] C H qO, yields five moles. The glucose reaction is... 

Acetogenic bacterium Prokaryotic organism that uses carbonate as a terminal electron acceptor and produces acetic acid as a waste product. 

The most important physiological role of CODH in the metabolism of acetogenic bacteria was unknown until 1985, when it was shown that the enzyme is bifunctional and has acetyl-CoA synthase activity (121). It was previously thought that acetyl-CoA was synthesized at the cobalt center of a vitamin-Bi2-containing protein. In the same paper, it was proposed that nickel is the active site of CO oxidation and acetyl-CoA synthesis. 

CODH from acetogens found to catalyze acetyl-CoA synthesis and nickel proposed to be the active site of CO oxidation and acetyl-CoA synthesis. CODH found to contain a heterometallic cluster consisting of nickel and iron that binds CO and proposed to be the active site of acetyl-CoA synthesis. Growth of acetogens on nitrate disables the acetyl-CoA pathway. ... 

Anaerobic bacteria such as acetogens, methanogens, and propionic bacteria. 

Seifritz C, SL Daniel, A Gobner, HL Drake (1993) Nitrate as a preferred electron sink for the acetogen Clostridium thermoaceticum. J Bacteriol 175 8008-8013. 

Anaerobic bacteria such as the acetogens, methanogens and the propionic bacteria—the... 

The carboxylic acid reductase in acetogenic Clostridia such as Clostridium thermoaceti-cum (White et al. 1989 Strobl et al. 1992). 

Hsu T, MF Lux, HL Drake (1990) Expression of an aromatic-dependent decarboxylase which provides growth-essential COj equivalents for the acetogenic (Wood) pathway of Clostridium thermoaceticum. J Bacteriol 172 5901-5907. 

A mixed microbial community was isolated for thiophene desulfurization using enrichments from oilfield samples and showed the presence of biphenyl as a by-product. However, a pure strain could not be obtained due to over-competence by homo-acetogenic bacteria in the consortium [23],... 

The frequent occurrence of /Thydroxy carbonyl moiety in a variety of natural products (such as macrolide or ionophore antibiotics or other acetogenics) has stimulated the development of stereocontrolled synthetic methods for these compounds. Indeed, the most successful methods have involved aldol reactions.13... 

In addition to methanogens and some acetogens, bacteria capable of 1,2-propanediol fermentation have been reported to produce vitamin B12 [286]. The transformation of 1,2-propanediol (propylene glycol) to propionaldehyde requires vitamin B12. Further fermentation of propionaldehyde to n-propanol and propionic acid does not require vitamin B12 but yields energy for growth. 

Acetogenesis. Here, the fermentation products (mainly VFA) are converted into acetate, CO2 and H2 by the so called acetogenic bacteria. 

CO2 = Cti + S2 — Z, (f = CO2 + KhPt + qcHi/kLa-, Pt is the total pressure within the digester and qcRi is the molar flow rate of methane. The bacterial growth rates for acetogenic (Ai) and methanogenic X2) bacteria are approached by the Monod and Haldane kinetics... 

How the Diverse Physiologic Potentials of Acetogens Determine Their In Situ Realities... 

---