Acetic acid vinyl acetate

Because of its relatively high, price, there have been continuing efforts to replace acetylene in its major appHcations with cheaper raw materials. Such efforts have been successful, particularly in the United States, where ethylene has displaced acetylene as raw material for acetaldehyde, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, and chlorinated solvents. Only a few percent of U.S. vinyl chloride production is still based on acetylene. Propjiene has replaced acetylene as feed for acrylates and acrylonitrile. Even some recent production of traditional Reppe acetylene chemicals, such as butanediol and butyrolactone, is based on new raw materials. 

Ethylene dichloride Vinyl chloride Acetic acid Vinyl acetate Ethylbenzene Styrene Ethylene oxide Ethylene glycol... 

Table 9.2 summarizes the uses of acetic acid. Vinyl acetate is another top 50 chemical. Acetic anhydride is used to make cellulose acetate and at times has been in the top 50 chemicals itself. Cellulose acetate is a polymer used mainly as a fiber in clothing and cigarette filters. Ethyl acetate is a common organic solvent. Acetic acid is used as a solvent in the manufacture of terephthalic acid (TA) and dimethyl terephthalate (DMT), which are monomers for the synthesis of poly(ethylene terephthalate), the polyester of the textile industry. A minor household use of acetic acid is as a 3-5% aqueous solution, which is called vinegar. 

Chemicals obtained from jjetroleum having four carbons are manufactured at a considerably lower scale than ethylene or propylene derivatives. Only five C4 compounds— butadiene, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, isobutylene, and methyl /-butyl ether (MTBE)— appear in the top 50. The manufacture of butadiene and isobutylene, as well as the separation of other C4 compounds from petroleum, is described in Chapter 8, Sections 3-5. Acetic acid was discussed as a derivative of ethylene in Chapter 9, Section 3 and is discussed as a derivative of methane in Chapter 12, Section 3. Vinyl acetate was discussed in Chapter 9, Section 4. A few important derivatives of C4 chemistiy will be briefly mentioned here as well as MTBE. 

Tecnon OrbiChem (2007) S/Db-CHEM acetic acid vinyl acetate. Tecnon OrbiChem, London... 

Acetic acid is an important industrial chemical. The reaction of acetic acid with hydroxyl-containing compounds, especially alcohols, results in the formation of acetate esters. The largest use of acetic acid is in the production ofvinyl acetate (Figure 1.1). Vinyl acetate can be produced through the reaction of acetylene and acetic acid. It is also produced from ethylene and acetic acid. Vinyl acetate is polymerized into polyvinyl acetate (PVA), which is used in the production of fibers, films, adhesives, and latex paints. 

Sodium azide Acetic acid Vinyl acetate... 

The distribution coefficient for the system water-acetic acid-vinyl acetate is... 

Vinyl Acetic Acid.— Vinyl acetic acid may be synthesized from allyl bromide by means of the Grignard reaction which introduces the carboxyl group in place of the halogen. This proves the constitution to be that of Ai-butenoic acid. 

However, earlier findings [247] showed that very highly dispersed palladium catalysts had very low activity for VA formation. This was attributed to the very small particles being inaccessible to the ethene feed due to their being completely embedded within the acetic acid/acetate liquid layer (ethene has very low solubility in acetic acid). Vinyl acetate formation may therefore be restricted to the larger Pd-Au alloy particles accessible to gaseous ethene. This... 

Vinyl Acetate (%) (Chemical) Mass-loss Due to Acetic Acid (%) Vinyl Acetate (%)(TG) Absolute Deviation 1%)... 

With the hard base water, oxidative olefin substitution leads to acetaldehyde with acetic acid, vinyl acetate is formed. Finally, the metallic palladium is oxidized by atmospheric oxygen in the presence of Cu ", re-forming the starting complex. 

Comp, i Comp.y Acetic Acid Water IBA Water IBA Acetic Acid Vinyl Acetate Water Vinyl Acetate Acetic Acid Ethyl Acetate Water Ethyl Acetate Acetic Acid... 

Volatile products of combustion COj, HjO, acetic acid, vinyl acetate, CO, aldehydes, acrolein, alcohols, oxides of nitrogen Hull, T R Quinn, R E Areri, 1 G Purser, DA, Polym. Deg. Stab., 77, 235-42, 2002. 

---