Acetic acid: esters from physical properties

Vinyl neodecanoate [26544-09-2] is prepared by the reaction of neodecanoic acid and acetjiene in the presence of a catalyst such as zinc neodecanoate. Physical properties of the commercially available material, VeoVa 10 from Shell, are given in Table 4. The material is a mobile Hquid with a typical mild ester odor used in a number of areas, primarily in coatings, but also in constmction, adhesives, cosmetics, and a number of misceUaneous areas. Copolymerization of vinyl neodecanoate with vinyl acetate gives coating materials with exceUent performance on alkaline substrates and in exterior weathering conditions. 

Tests for Acetic Acid.—The best way to identify acetic acid is to determine its physical properties—melting point, boiling-point, odor—and those of a derivative prepared from it, stich as the ethyl ester. If, however, only a small amount of the acid to be tested is available, or if it is in solution in water 01 mixed with other substances, it can be satisfactorily identified. As acetic acid is volatile with steam, it can be freed by distillation from substances non-volatile under these circumstances. The original solution should be acidified with sulphuric acid before distillation in order to set free any acetic acid which may be present in the form of a salt. The distillate is neutralized with sodium hydroxide and evaporated to dryness. A part of the residue is treated with a few drops of concentrated sulphuric acid and gently heated. If acetic acid is present it can be recognized by its characteristic odor. A second portion of the residue is mixed with a few drops of alcohol and an equal quantity of concentrated sulphuric acid and warmed. The presence of the acid is confirmed by the odor of ethyl acetate, which is readily recognized. 

Many cellulose derivatives form lyotropic liquid crystals in suitable solvents and several thermotropic cellulose derivatives have been reported (1-3) Cellulosic liquid crystalline systems reported prior to early 1982 have been tabulated (1). Since then, some new substituted cellulosic derivatives which form thermotropic cholesteric phases have been prepared (4), and much effort has been devoted to investigating the previously-reported systems. Anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in tri-fluoroacetic acid have attracted the attention of several groups. Chiroptical properties (5,6), refractive index (7), phase boundaries (8), nuclear magnetic resonance spectra (9,10) and differential scanning calorimetry (11,12) have been reported for this system. However, trifluoroacetic acid causes degradation of cellulosic polymers this calls into question some of the physical measurements on these mesophases, because time is required for the mesophase solutions to achieve their equilibrium order. Mixtures of trifluoroacetic acid with chlorinated solvents have been employed to minimize this problem (13), and anisotropic solutions of cellulose acetate and triacetate in other solvents have been examined (14,15). The mesophase formed by (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (HPC) in water (16) is stable and easy to handle, and has thus attracted further attention (10,11,17-19), as has the thermotropic mesophase of HPC (20). Detailed studies of mesophase formation and chain rigidity for HPC in dimethyl acetamide (21) and for the benzoic acid ester of HPC in acetone and benzene (22) have been published. Anisotropic solutions of methylol cellulose in dimethyl sulfoxide (23) and of cellulose in dimethyl acetamide/ LiCl (24) were reported. Cellulose tricarbanilate in methyl ethyl ketone forms a liquid crystalline solution (25) with optical properties which are quite distinct from those of previously reported cholesteric cellulosic mesophases (26). 

Hypalon is a tradename for CSM chlorosulfonated polyethylene. It offers good resistance to moderate chemicals, ozone, alkaline solutions, hydrogen. Freon, alcohols, aliphatic hydrocarbons, as well as ultraviolet degradation from sunrays. Strong oxidizing acids, ketones, esters, acetic acid, and chlorinated and nitro-hydrocarbons attack Hypalon. Its temperature range for applications is from -40°C to 150°C (-40°F to 300°F). Its physical properties are presented in Table 10-16. 

A one-stage procedure involving sodium catalysed transesterification between raffinose undeca-acetate and methyl esters of long-chain fatty acids (derived, for example, from salad oil) has been employed to produce raffinose fatty acid polyesters in excellent yields (>96%) their physical properties are described as similar to those of analogous sucrose polyesters." Certain carbohydrate esters of fatty acids, e.a.. sucrose mono-laurate, -palmitate, and -stearate, have been found to enhance the activity of thiabendazole, a fungicide used against Penicillium dioitatum infections of citrus fruit. The mechanism of this action remains to be clarified. ... 

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