Acetaminophen risk assessment

Kienhuis AS et al (2011) Application of toxi-cogenomics in hepatic systems toxicology for risk assessment acetaminophen as a case study. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 250 96-107... 

Sztajnkrycer MJ, Bond GR Chronic acetaminophen overdosing in children Risk assessment and man-... 

When administering acetaminophen, the nurse assesses the overall health and alcohol usage of the patient before administration. fatients who are malnourished or abuse alcohol are at risk of developing hepatotoxicity (damage to the liver) with the use of acetaminophen. 

Supportive measures that would complement antimicrobial effectiveness and assist recovery of the animal from the infection should be provided. In neonatal animals, care must be taken to avoid a too-rapid rate of intravenous fluid administration. Fever may serve a useful purpose in infectious diseases, and the change in body temperature may be used to assess the progress of the infection. In the presence of an infectious diseased, the only indication for an antipyretic drug, e.g. aspirin or paracetamol (acetaminophen) in dogs but not in cats metamizole (dipyrone) or sodium salicylate administered intravenously to horses, is to decrease body temperature to below a dangerous level, 41°C (105.8°F). Concurrent therapy with a NSAID and an aminoglycoside antibiotic increases the risk of nephrotoxicity. If the infection is suspected to be contagious, the diseased and in-contact animals should be isolated. 

FIGURE 10-3. Nomogram for assessing hepatotoxic risk following acute ingestion of acetaminophen. (Adapted from reference 52.)... 

The snbject of chemoprevention of CRC using COX-2 inhibitors in patients at increased risk for FAR, HNPCC, and sporadic adenomas was reviewed. The role of the recently described COX-3 in carcinogenesis has not been assessed, although its role is unlikely given that acetaminophen inhibits this isoform but not many forms of experimental carcinogenesis. 

---