Acetals reaction with carboxylic acids

Acylation The reagent catalyses the arylation of activated aromatic compounds by reaction with carboxylic acids. Thus methyl phenyl ether can be acylated with acetic acid in presence of trifluoroacetic anhydride in good yields. 

Some authors (Arana et al., 2001, 2002, 2003 Franch et al., 2005) have reported the activity of catalysts of Ti02 doped with Fe in reactions with carboxylic acids such as maleic, formic, acetic, and acrylic acids. They found... 

As described above, decarboxylation of carboxylic acids gives a variety of products depending on the reaction conditions and substrates used. In the presence of a catalytic amount of copper(II) acetate reaction of carboxylic acids with lead tetraacetate affords olefins in good yields (Scheme 13.58) [77]. 

Other major industrial applications for hydrogen peroxide include the manufacture of sodium percarbonate and sodium perborate, used as mild bleaches in laundry detergents. It is used in the production of certain organic peroxides such as dibenzoyl peroxide, used in polymerisations and other chemical processes. Hydrogen peroxide is also used in the production of epoxides such as propylene oxide. Reaction with carboxylic acids produces a corresponding peroxy acid. Peracetic acid and meta-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (commonly abbreviated mCPBA) are prepared from acetic acid and /weto-chlorobenzoic acid, respectively. The latter is commonly reacted with alkenes to give the corresponding epoxide. 

Reed (1990) and Reed and Hajash (1990, 1992) concluded that geologically reasonable concentrations of both monofunctional and difunctional carboxylic acids can enhance substantially the solubility of aluminum at pH 4.5-4.7, although oxalate has a much greater effect than acetate. Observed elevated metal concentrations were attributed to formation of organic anion complexes and/or increased reaction kinetics, which could allow rapid dissolution of aluminosilicates and creation of secondary porosity through reaction with carboxylic acid anions. They also suggested that the acetate system may buffer the pH in formation waters. 

Notice in the list of Lewis bases just given that some compounds, such as carboxylic acids, esters, and amides, have more than one atom ivith a lone pair of electrons and can therefore react at more than one site. Acetic acid, for example, can be protonated either on the doubly bonded oxygen atom or on the singly bonded oxygen atom. Reaction normally occurs only once in such instances, and the more stable of the two possible protonation products is formed. For acetic add, protonation by reaction with sulfuric acid occurs on... 

Phenolic compounds are weaker nucleophiles and better leaving groups than aliphatic alcohols. They do not yield polyesters when reacted with carboxylic acids or alkyl carboxy lates. The synthesis of polyesters from diphenols is, therefore, generally carried out through the high-temperature carboxylic acid-aryl acetate or phenyl ester-phenol interchange reactions with efficient removal of reaction by-product (Schemes 2.10 and 2.11, respectively). 

Vicinal iodo carboxylates may also be prepared from the reaction of olefins either with iodine and potassium iodate in acetic acid/ or with N-iodosuccinimide and a carboxylic acid in chloroform. " A number of new procedures for effecting the hydroxylation or acyloxylation of olefins in a manner similar to the Prevost or Woodward-Prevost reactions include the following iodo acetoxylation with iodine and potassium chlorate in acetic acid followed by acetolysis with potassium acetate reaction with iV-bromoacetamide and silver acetate in acetic acid reaction with thallium(III) acetate in acetic acid and reaction with iodine tris(trifluoroacetate) in pentane. ... 

Other Gas Reactions. Several other reactive gases or vapours were examined but found to be unsatisfactory. No ester formation ( 1745 cm"1) was found when oxidatized films were exposed to acetic acid or formic acid vapour. Alcohol/carboxylic acid reactions in the solid state have often been suggested as the source of ester products, but not substantiated (4,5). Gaseous ammonia reacted with carboxylic acid groups to give absorptions at 1550 cm"1 [-C(=0)-0 ] and 1300 cm"1 (NHi +). However, these absorptions were very broad and the method inferior to acid measurement by SF. Although N20 did not react with oxidized polyolefins, the reaction of N02 with oxi-... 

Formation of acid anhydride by the reaction of carboxylic acid with acetic anhydride. 

Acid anhydrides are between acid chlorides and carboxylic acids in reactivity, so this reaction is more effective than the reaction with a carboxylic acid but less efficient than the reaction with an acid chloride. Half of the acid anhydride goes into forming the ester, while the other half becomes a carboxylic acid. Figure 12-23 illustrates this reaction, using salicylic acid as the alcohol and acetic anhydride as the acid anhydride to form aspirin, an ester. 

Acy 1-4-amino-1,5-dihydro-2-pyrrolones (6) (type Z in Scheme 1) possess the features of cyclic enaminediones. The push-pull-7r system decreases the nucleophilicity of the amino group. Therefore N-acylation with carboxylic acid chlorides requires relatively drastic conditions (dioxane, 100°C, K2C03). In particular, the reaction of the highly reactive DMF-acetal 8 to formamidine 9 succeeds only while refluxing in benzene (87TH1). (See Fig. 3.)... 

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