Acenaphthylenes acenaphthenes

Polyaromatic hydrocarbons (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phen-anthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene)... 

Pyka separated 16 PAHs (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, pyrene, benzo [a] anthracene, chrysene, benzo[/>]fluoranthene, benzo[fe]fluoranthene, benzo[a]py-rene, dibenzo[a,/z]anthracene, benzo[g,/i,i]perylene, and indeno[l,2,3-C(i]pyrene) according to the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) by gradient HPLC on a LiChrospher PAH column using acetonitrile and water as mobile phases. Retention times fr (sec) of investigated PAHs were correlated with topological indices based on the adjacency matrix (M, 012) and the... 

PAHs have generally not been detected in surveys of human tissue, presumably because the compounds are fairly rapidly metabolized. Phenanthrene was the only PAH detected in the 1982 National Human Adipose Tissue Survey it was found in trace concentrations in 13% of the samples (EPA 1986). Acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, and chrysene were not found at levels below the detection limit (0.010 pg/g 10 ppt). However, autopsies performed on cancer-free corpses found PAH levels of 11-2,700 ppt (ng/g) in fat samples (Obana et al. 1981). Several PAHs were detected, including anthracene, pyrene, benzo[e]pyrene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, and benzo[g,h,i]perylene, with pyrene being detected in the highest concentrations. A similar study done on livers from autopsied cancer-free corpses found levels of 6-500 ppt (ng/g) of all of the same PAHs except benzo[e]pyrene, which was not detected (Obana et al. 1981). As in the fat sample studies, pyrene appeared in the highest concentrations in the liver, but the overall levels were less than in fat. 

Dttmide. This hydrazine, in the presence of triethylamine, decomposes to diitnide at room temperature. It is convenient for hydrogenation of azobenzene to hydrazobenzene (857o yield) and of various olefins (acenaphthylene -> acenaphthene, 99% yield). ... 

Repubhc No 8 from 1996 and is the sum of contents of 12 selected PAHs, i.e. all PAHs except for acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene, dibenzo(a,h) anthracene. 

The selected ion chromatogram of the 16 priority PAHs and the internal standards, (a) The first window shows the peaks for naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fluorene, while the second window shows the peak for acenaphtene-dio (the internal standard for naphthalene, acenaphthalene, acenaphthene, and fluorene). (b) The first window shows the peaks for phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, while the second window shows the peak for phenanthrene-dio (the internal standard for phenanthrene, anthracene, fluoranthene, and pyrene), (c) The first window shows the peaks for benz[a]anthracene and chrysene, while the second window shows the peak for chrysene-di2 (the internal standard for benz [a] anthracene and chrysene), (d) The first window shows the peaks for benzo[b]fluoranthene, benzo[k]fluoranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene, dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene, while the second window shows the peak for perylene-di2 (the internal standard for benzo[b]flouranthene, benzo[k]flouranthene, benzo[a]pyrene, benzo[ghi]perylene., dibenz[a,h]anthracene, and indeno[l,2,3-cd]pyrene). 

Bagheri et al. [22] co-electrodeposited TMOS and MATMS with PEG on gold fibers modified with MPTMS. The SEM image shows that the sol-gel film was deposited and adhered well onto the gold fibers, due to the MPTMS pretreatment (Figure 12.31a and b). The films were demonstrated for the extraction of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), such as naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, and fiuorene, from their aqueous solutions. The electrodeposition potential affected the thickness of the functionalized sol-gel films on the fiber, hence influencing the efficiency of extraction, as shown in figure 12.31c. Azar et al. [23] electrodeposited MATMS onto a porous copper wire modified with MPTMS. The porous copper substrate was prepared by electrodeposition of... 

The direct cytotoxic effect of sixteen PAHs was evaluated by Schirmer et al. (1998a) in a cell line of gills of the rainbow trout (RT Gill-Wl) by assays with fluorescent dyes. Only the PAHs composed by 2 or 3 benzene rings (naphthalene, acenaphthylene, acenaphthene, fluorene and phenanthrene) presented cytotoxic effects on the cells without metabolic activation. In this way, the authors suggest that factors such as solubility in water and the lipophilic property are characteristics directly related with the cytotoxicity of the PAHs, which make them capable of altering the integrity of the cellular membrane when they are accumulated in it. 

Methylnaphthalene Cy-Naphthalenes C3-Naphthalenes C4-Naphthalenes Acenaphthylene Acenaphthene Eluorene Cj-Eluorene Phenanthrene Anthracene... 

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