Accident prevention measures

Along with the rise of teclmology, industry lias improved its accident prevention measures. Further improvements are expected in the future. Unfortunately, many improvements are not made until after an accident has occurred. 

Technical systems which contain material representing a hazard potential must be treated under controled, safe conditions. A respective design of the facility and its operational modes is checked by different kinds of safety considerations. In addition to the consequences of normal operation, the system behavior under accident conditions has to be considered in terms of sufficient measures for controling accidents. Assumptions are being made based upon experience which has been achieved in the course of the technical development and which has resulted in a system of laws, regulations, rules, guidelines, and recommendations, e.g., for the design of components, for quality assurance, for fire protection and also for accident prevention measures. 

Measures to assure safe confinanent of the hazardous corrosive substance during normal service conditions, abnormal service conditions (incidents), and accidents (accident prevention measures)... 

Isolation employs separation as an accident prevention measure. Incompatible conditions or materials that would create a hazard if brought together are kept separated. Examples... 

Implementation of a set of accident-prevention measures Implementation of a set of scheduled preventive-maintenance measures ... 

In the sense of the Major Accident Ordinance the safety system is an accident preventing measure and as such is safety relevant. In order to avoid as far as possible that the safety system is activated, its activation is in many cases preceded by that of a monitoring system. 

Major accidents occurring despite preventative measures ( Dennoch Storfaiie ) stem from a progression of operational malfunctions which cause a serious danger despite the existence of accident preventing measures. They result from hazard sources which can reasonably be discarded or from the simultaneous impact of several independent sources of hazards. In order to hmit the consequences of such accidents plant specific measures and specific measures of hazard defence have to be taken. 

The purpose of a system of safety colours and safety signs is to draw attention to objects and situations which affect or could affect health and safety. The use of a system of safety colours and safety signs does not replace the need for appropriate accident prevention measures. 

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers requires contractors who perform construction work for the federal government to prepare a safety and occupational health plan (SOH). The idea is to analyze the potential work on a specific job or project and to plan accident prevention measures for each phase and component of the work. The plan includes work performed by subcontractors. It includes contractor hazard control measures. The plan must include frequent and regularly scheduled safety inspections of work sites, materials and equipment by competent persons. 

Once the hazard potential inherent in a technical installation exceeds specific limits—which may be defined by the use of >ecific amounts of substances—systematic planning of accident prevention measures will become mandatory. 

Job safety analysis involves the identification of all the accident prevention measures appropriate to a particular job or area of work activity and the behavioural factors which most significantly influence whether or not these measures are taken. 

Fukuoka, K, 2015, WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs, Visualization of a hole and accident preventive measures based on the Swiss cheese model developed by risk management and process approach. New York Springer New York, LCC, Doi 10,1007/sl3437-015-0076-2. 

The BGs are required by law to supervise the execution of accident prevention measures, to... 

Fig. 1.1. Rank order and efficiency of accident prevention measures (with permission of the Allgemelne Versicherungsanstalt Wien)...

Sequence of events Potential accidents Preventive measures... 

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