Absorption extraction

In a large number of processes, there ate unit operations related to vapot-Hquid separations distillation, absorption, extraction, stripping, flashing, and separation of Hquid and vapor stream arising from changes in temperatures and pressures. Calculations for these unit operations necessitate trial and... 

Why not put new lyrics to an old tune This is an excellent idea, and many have done this very thing. Rice" started w ith the Smith-Brinkley raethod" used to calculate distillation, absorption, extraction, etc., overhead and bottoms compositions, and developed distillation equations for determining the liquid composition on any tray. This together with bubble point calculations yield a column temperature profile useful for column analysis. 

Elution development is by far the most common method of processing a chromatographic separation and is used in all types of chromatography. Elution development is best described as a series of absorption-extraction processes which are continuous from the time the sample is injected into the distribution system until the time the solutes exit from it. The elution process is depicted in Figure 1. 

Counter-current rinsing and rinse-water reuse are useful tips for reducing usage. Counter-current contact systems are more efficient in promoting heat and mass exchanges, which are important to gas absorption, extraction, and many types of chemical reactions. 

The following equation applies for diffusion in one direction (e.g., absorption, extraction, desorption) [74] ... 

Figure 4.20 Continuous removal of product by stripping synthesis of epoxides from alkenes applying a batch process with resting cells or a fermenter connected to absorption, extraction and distillation...

Separation processes play a significant role in industry. These processes include distillation, absorption, extraction, adsorption, crystallization and membrane sepa-... 

Flow of Two Fluids. The major applications are in absorption, extraction, and distillation, with and without reaction. Other applications, also quite important, are for shell-and-tube or double-pipe heat exchangers, and noncatalytic fluid-solid reactors (blast furnace and ore-reduction processes). 

The size of the HPUR market belies its importance, at least as a surrogate for the use of polyurethane as a chemical. We stress the fact that HPUR is used because the constituent parts of its polymer backbone affect materials with which they come into contact — it is not used to provide strength. Its simplest model absorbs water, but in more complex associations, microorganisms can colonize because of a property known as biocompatibility. In fact, all polyurethanes exert effects on materials in their environments. This book is intended to illustrate that and change the perception of all polyurethanes from simple polymers to physical-chemical devices with absorptive, extractive, and biocompatibility properties. 

In contrast to continuous packed bed columns, each stage, whether cocurrent or countercurrent, can be considered to be at equilibrium for many multi-phase mass-transfer processes such as distillation, absorption, extraction etc. Such stages are usually called ideal stages . 

The extractive distillation profits from the capacity of an entrainer (solvent) to modify selectively the relative volatility of species. Normally, the entrainer is the highest boiler, while the component to be separated becomes heavier, being carried out in bottoms. For this reason, this operation may be regarded as an extractive absorption. Extractive distillation can be used for separating both zeo-tropic and azeotropic mixtures. The entrainer is fed near the top for a zeotropic mixture or a minimum-boiling azeotrope, or mixed with the feed for a maximumboiling azeotrope. The separation sequence normally has two columns, for extraction and solvent recovery [5]. 

The transfer of mass from one phase to another is involved in the operations of distillation, absorption, extraction, humidification, adsorption, drying, and crystallization. The principal function of the equipment used for these operations is to permit efficient contact between the phases. Many special types of equipment have been developed that are particularly applicable for use with a given operation, but finite-stage contactors and continuous contactors are the types most commonly encountered. A major part of this chapter, therefore, is devoted to the design aspects and costs of stagewise plate contactors and continuous packed contactors. 

Thus, the three step process of absorption, extraction and alkylation became a four step process of absorption, extraction, acid treatment of the extract, and alkylation. 

As a result, the cost of the recovery section (absorption, extraction and acid treatment of extract) was considerably higher than originally projected. This became even more pronounced when alloys had to be used for certain parts of the equipment to take... 

The composition of the SARP reject acid or extractor bottoms will vary depending on a lot of factors, but for most of the V(ork with less than optimum conditions in the absorption, extraction and acid treating steps, a fairly typical analysis is shown in Table 2, below. For orientation purposes an analysis of used alkylation acid is also shown. 

James R. Fair, Ph.D. (Distillation and Absorption, Extraction and Leaching) (Co-editor), McKetta Chair Emeritus Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, TX Fellow, A.I.Ch.E., Registered Professional Engineer (Missouri and Texas)... 

In mass transfer apparatus one of two processes can take place. Multicomponent mixtures can either be separated into their individual substances or in reverse can be produced from these individual components. This happens in mass transfer apparatus by bringing the components into contact with each other and using the different solubilities of the individual components in the phases to separate or bind them together. An example, which we have already discussed, was the transfer of a component from a liquid mixture into a gas by evaporation. In the following section we will limit ourselves to mass transfer devices in which physical processes take place. Apparatus where a chemical reaction also influences the mass transfer will be discussed in section 2.5. Mass will be transferred between two phases which are in direct contact with each other and are not separated by a membrane which is only permeable for certain components. The individual phases will mostly flow countercurrent to each other, in order to get the best mass transfer. The separation processes most frequently implemented are absorption, extraction and rectification. 

In Chapters 3 and 4 we analyze mass and heat transfer in plane channels, tubes, and fluid films. We consider the mass and heat exchange between particles, drops, or bubbles and uniform or shear flows at various Peclet and Reynolds numbers. The results presented are of great importance in obtaining scientifically justified methods for a number of technological processes such as dissolution, drying, adsorption, aerosol and colloid sedimentation, heterogeneous catalytic reactions, absorption, extraction, and rectification. 

This hydrochloric arid gas co-produccd is rccydcd after absorption, extraction, and possible reconcmtiation in evaporators. Once-through conversion is about 10 to 15 per cent, and the hydrolysis yield is 85 to 95 molar per cent... 

Chemical complexation has hean implemented most often in absorption, extraction, and gas and liquid chromatography. A more comprehensive list of alternative processes where chemical complexation conld be employed for the recovery of polar compounds from aqueous solution is shown in Table 15.1-1. In... 

Butyl Diglyme. [Ferro/Grant] Diethylene glycol butyl ether solvent used in electrochemistry, polymer and boron chemistry, gas absorption, extraction, stabilization in fuels, lubricants, textiles, pharmaceuticals, pesticides. 

C. D. Holland Fundamentals and Modeling of Separation Processes—Absorption, Extraction Distillation, Evaporation, and Extraction, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J. (1975). 

Bubble absorbers (of the plate type), surface absorbers (film and column), and also spray absorbers (nozzle and high-velocity direct-flow absorbers) are widely used in plants for complex preparation of gas to perform absorption dehydration, or absorption extraction of heavy hydrocarbons from the gas. 

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