Absorption chamber

H2O) made by the older chamber process and was suitable for use ia tropical climates. Ia less developed or remote areas, bleaching powder may stiU be prepared oa a small scale by generating CI2 from Ma02, NaCl, and H2SO4, and treating it with hydrated lime placed on shelves ia an absorption chamber (245). 

Carbon dioxide is absorbed first using a potassium hydroxide solution. Oxygen is the next gas absorbed, using pyrogallol (the same oxygen scavenger produced from quebracho tannins). The glass absorption chamber also contains steel wool as a catalyst. 

Optical methods are especially useful for the selective detection of CO and C02 concentrations. In low-priced sensors, a simple miniature light bulb is used as IR-source. The radiation emitted enters an absorption chamber, through which the flue gas is pumped. An added interference filter lets only the absorption spectra of the target gas pass. The IR detector determines the reduction of the light intensity, which is then transformed into an electrical signal. The correlation between the source intensity and the received intensity is given in the Lambert-Beer equation. 

FIGURE 11-1 Schematic diagram of a closed anesthesia system. [/] Vaporizer for volatile liquid anesthetics. [2] Compressed gas source. [3] Inhalation unidirectional valve. [4] Mask. [5] Unidirectional exhalation valve. [6] Rebreathing bag. [73 Carbon dioxide absorption chamber. 

Generally, absorption equipment with impinging streams includes two essential elements the atomizer and the absorption chamber. 

The influences of the liquid and gas flow rates, the diameter of the absorption chamber, the distance between nozzles, and the flow configuration on absorption rate were studied by the researchers mentioned above. These will not be discussed in detail here because of the length limitation of the chapter for the details, the reader may refer to the original references as cited in the text above. It should be noted, however, that in all the investigations above, the data for mass transfer coefficients are always correlated with the gas and/or liquid flow rates, but not with the impinging velocity, m0, although the latter is the operation parameter extremely important in every impinging stream device. 

As stated above, the key elements of a gas-continuous impinging stream absorber are the absorption chamber and the atomizers. 

The major dimensions of the reactor designed according to the conditions listed in Table 7.3 are diameter of the absorption chamber Zl, = 700 mm, height of the cylinder vessel Ha = 950 mm, diameter of the gas conduits rf0= 80 mm, height of the gas conduit... 

The distances from the outlets of the conduits to the center where the two axes meet are equal (See Fig. 7.22), and the distance between the exits of the two conduits in each sub-group is the impinging distance . Depending on the requirement of the amount of liquid or suspension to be used, one nozzle or a set of nozzles can be installed inside each conduit with the exit(s) towards the same direction as the outlet of the conduit, i.e., towards the center of the absorption chamber. 

The resulting nitrogen dioxide is then transferred to an absorption chamber and allowed to react with warm water ... 

The empirical formula of a hydrocarbon can be determined using an instrument similar to the one shown in Figure 1. A sample hydrocarbon is combusted. The absorption chambers absorb all the water and carbon dioxide from the reaction. CaCl, can absorb both water and CO,. The masses of the chambers before and after the reaction are compared to find the moles of carbon and hydrogen in the sample. 

A system based on a copper redox system [55] is a combined electrolytic and catalytic process carried out in a three-compartment cell. The cell consists of a central packed bed anode of graphite separated by an ion exchange membrane from a packed cathode bed of copper on one side, and on the other side a packed bed of Cu which acts as an absorber. In the absorption chamber the copper, after first being oxidised to cuprous oxide, is responsible for the oxidation of SO2 to sulphuric acid. 

Figure 5. Wickbold combustion apparatus a) Injection burner b) Combustion chamber c) Condenser d) Multiport stopcock e) Absorption chamber f) Flushing port...

Organically combined nitrogen is liberated as gaseous nitrogen by heating and the quantity of gas is measured manometrically after removing the carbon dioxide carrier gas in a caustic absorption chamber. 

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