Absorption capacity index

Several techniques were used to measure absorption performance. Absorption capacity index (ACI) was determined with a GATS apparatus [2] and retention was measured by comparing samples at a fixed compressive load in an Instron Tester [3]. (This procedure differed from measurements in a GATS unit in that a fixed amount of saline, 15 ml/g of sample, was applied to all pads. After standing for 20 minutes, the weighed wet pads were compressed to a load of 5kPa, and the saline removed was determined.)... 

Functional property tests were conducted in duplicate. AACC (21) methods were used for the determination of water hydration capacity (Method 88-04) and nitrogen solubility index (NSI) (Method 46-23). Oil absorption capacity was measured by the procedures of Lin et al. (22) and oil emulsification by a modification (22) of the Inklaar and Fortuin (23) method. Pasting characteristics of 12.0% (w/v, db) slurries of the flours and processed products were determined on a Brabender Visco/Amylograph (Method 22-10). The slurries were heated from 30 to 95°C before cooling to 50°C to obtain the cold paste viscosity value. Gelation experiments were conducted by heating 15% (w/v db) slurries in sealed stainless steel containers to 90°C for 45 min in a water bath C3). 

Solubility The reported relationship between water absorption and solubility of proteins has not been consistent. Water absorption capacity of sunflower concentrates increased slightly as the solubility index of the protein decreased (17). Hermansson (2 ) reported that a highly soluble protein exhibits poor water binding, but a reverse relationship between water absorption, evidenced by swelling and solubility, was not observed. In a later report, Hermansson (27) stated that solubility measurements give no information as to whether or not a protein will bind water. 

Nature and Amount of the Dispersed Rubber Phase. The effect of the nature of the dispersed rubber phase became apparent during our work on selective plasticization of systems containing two resins A and B, a corresponding AB Cop, and a selective plasticizer of polymer A or B (13, 14) where A was polystyrene (PS) and B was poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMM) or poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC). Selective plasticization is a new method of obtaining resin elastomeric systems which have the advantage that the physical properties (e.g., mechanical properties and refractive index) of the rubbery phase can be varied by the nature and amount of the plasticizer. For such systems, impact resistance is maximum when the energy absorption capacity of the rubbery phase is maximum (e.g., for a given amount of plasticizer with respect to the dispersed phase). 

Generally, any proposal to incorporate a nonconventional material, and particularly a waste or by-product material, into a pavement structure requires, in addition to an engineering evaluation, an investigation of its physical (size distribution, specific gravity, specific surface area, hygroscopic moisture, plasticity index) and chemical properties (pH, composition, absorption capacity). These properties need be addressed prior to determining the acceptability of the material in order to determine the environmental, occupational health and safety, recyclabiUty, economic and implementation issues. Such an evaluation is complicated by the number of technical disciplines as well as institutional considerations that must be included in the process. 

Key filler characteristics include density, particle shape, size and size distribution, surface chemistry, oil absorption capacity, hardness, and refractive index. Oil absorption is frequently measured in a few fillers such as carbon black. It is usual to measure the uptake of dibutyl phthalate under standard conditions this gives some information about the surface of the... 

The index of comparison is the heat absorption capacity, in BTU per second, for each pound of engine thrust, which is one way of lumping the specific heat, allowable temperature rise, and the proportionate amount of propellant flow at maximum specific impulse, It can be seen that hydrogen is attractive as a coolant,... 

The nanocomposites were prepared in a single-screw extruder using different starch contents (97.6-55.2 g/100 g formulation), PVA (0-40 g/100 g formulation), and Na-MMT (0-4.8 g/100 g formulation), and glycerol was used as a plasticizer. The addition of Na-MMT resulted in an increase of expansion index and mechanical strength of the foams. Na-MMT addition also resulted in a decrease of water absorption capacity of the samples. 

Process and product PH Nitrogen solubility index % Water hydration capacity g/g sample Oil absorption Oil emulsification capacity g/g sample % ... 

The refractive index of vanadium is 3-03, the coefficient of absorption 8-51, and the reflexion capacity 57-5 per cent, for yellow light of wave-length A=5790.23 Vanadium compounds do not impart any coloration to the ordinary Bunsen flame, and do not furnish any characteristic line spectra even in the oxyacetylene flame. The flame produced between carbon electrodes consists of a reddish-purple core with a yellowish-green shell and a red edge.28... 

Optical Properties.—The refractive index of tantalum is 2-05, the coefficient of absorption 2-31, and the reflexion capacity 43-8 per cent, when measured with yellow light of wave-length A=5790.5 The spectral emissivity and the radiation intensity and their variation with temperature have been measured by Worthing.6 For a comparison of the radiation constants of tantalum, platinum, osmium and carbon, see the references cited.7 The flame spectrum of tantalum between carbon electrodes consists of a blue cone with a reddish-yellow edge.8... 

Absolute entropy, 51 Absorption edge, 351 Activated carbon, 710-713 adsorption of metal cations on, 712, 713 de-ashed, 713 heteroelenients in, 711 lEP and PZC of, 711, 712 reductive adsorption on, 711 Activation, 710 energy, 532 Activity, 50 coefficient, 588, 589 of surface species, 591 Adhesion method, 84 Adsolubilization, 494 Adsorbates, index of, 356-358, 428 32, 476, 477 Adsorption capacity, 581 competition, 510-530 dynamic studies, 335 edge, 328 envelope, 328 isotherm, 327... 

A single homogeneous phase such as an aqueous salt (say NaCl) solution has a large number of properties, such as temperature, density, NaCl molality, refractive index, heat capacity, absorption spectra, vapor pressure, conductivity, partial molar entropy of water, partial molar enthalpy of NaCl, ionization constant, osmotic coefficient, ionic strength, and so on. We know however that these properties are not all independent of one another. Most chemists know instinctively that a solution of NaCl in water will have all its properties fixed if temperature, pressure, and salt concentration are fixed. In other words, there are apparently three independent variables for this two-component system, or three variables which must be fixed before all variables are fixed. Furthermore, there seems to be no fundamental reason for singling out temperature, pressure, and salt concentration from the dozens of properties available, it s just more convenient any three would do. In saying this we have made the usual assumption that properties means intensive variables, or that the size of the system is irrelevant. If extensive variables are included, one extra variable is needed to fix all variables. This could be the system volume, or any other extensive parameter. 

Abbreviations Used in Polymerization Processes Absorption and Velocity of Sound in Still Air Allowable Carrying Capacities of Conductors Aluminum Wire Table Biochemical Symbols and Abbreviations Boiling Point Index of Organic Compounds Brazing Filler Metals (Solders)... 

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