INDEX boiling point

Capillary gc/ms, hplc, nmr, ir, and uv are all analytical methods used by the terpene chemist with a good Hbrary of reference spectra, capillary gc/ms is probably the most important method used in dealing with the more volatile terpenes used in the davor and fragrance industry (see Flavors and spices). The physical properties of density, refractive index, boiling point, melting point of derivatives, and specific rotation are used less frequendy but are important in defining product specifications. 

Specific gravity. Refractive index Boiling-point... 

Specific gravity IMractive index. Boiling-point at 752 mm. 

Specific gravity Optical rotation Refractive index Boiling-point True ester. ... 

Specific gravity. Optical rotation. Betractive index. Boiling-point at 15 mm. pressure... 

Specific gravity at 20° Refractive index Boiling-point at 12 mm. 

Specific gravity. Optical rotation Befractive index Boiling-point at S mm. 

Forziati, A.F., Camin, D.L., Rossini, F.D. (1950) Density, refractive index, boiling point, and vapor pressure of eight monoolefin (1-alkene), six pentadiene, and two cyclomonoolefin hydrocarbons../. Res. Natl. Bur. Std. 45, 406 410. 

This index was applied to correlations with gas chromatographic retention index, boiling points, standard enthalpies of formation in gas phase, heats of solution, refractive indices, theoretically calculated total surface area of alkanes. 

Instrumental methods in chemistry make it possible to characterize any chemical compound by a very large number of different kind of measurements. Such data can be called observables. Examples are provided by Spectroscopy (absorbtions in IR, NMR, UV, ESCA. ..) chromatography (retentions in TLC, HPLC, GLC. ..) thermodynamics (heat capacity, standard Gibbs energy of formation, heat of vaporization. ..) physical propery measures (refractive index, boiling point, dielectric constant, dipole moment, solubility. ..) chemical properties (protolytic constants, ionzation potential, lipophilicity (log P)...) structural data (bond lengths, bond angles, van der Waals radii...) empirical structural parameters (Es, [Pg.34]

Inasmuch as the project uses the physical properties for the identification of hydrocarbons and the determination of their purity, one of the functions of the project is to make accurat measurements of the physical properties of the highly purified API Research hydrocarbons. Beginning with the very important property of the freezing point, determinations are made of the density, refractive index, boiling point, and vapor pressure. 

In most cases checking off the purity of a solvent does not necessitate tests for the various impurities instead, various solvent characteristics, physical constants sensitive to the presence of impurities are determined (conductivity, refractive index, boiling point, dielectric constant, infrared spectrum, NMR spectrum, etc.). In the case of non-aqueous solutions or solvents, the most important, and often the only specific analytical task, is the determination of the moisture content. In addition, the quality control of the solvent is based on the determination of various physical constants and the recording of characteristic spectra. 

Tests commonly used to determine the quality of liquids are specific gravity, colour, clarity, refractive index, boiling point, freezing point, and viscosity. 

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