Dusting powders absorbable

Truscott W. Post-surgical complications associated with the use of USP Absorbable Dusting Powder. Surg Technol Int 2000 VIII 65-... 

The pests are destroyed by absorbing the powder either through the mouth or through the body by contact, and the sprays and dusts should contain minimum quantities of water-soluble arsenic, as this is mainly responsible for foliage injury the fineness of division also has an effect, and injury is increased if the arsenate is too highly dispersed.5 In the United States a legal limit (0-75 per cent. As2Os) is imposed as to the amount of water-soluble arsenic that may be present in lead... 

Starch is widely used in the food industry, and finds considerable applications in medicine. Its absorbent properties make it ideal for dusting powders, and its ability to swell in water makes it a valuable formulation aid, being the basis for tablet disintegrants. Soluble starch is obtained by partial acid hydrolysis, and is completely soluble in hot water. 

Fillers Fiberglass, pigments, calcium carbonate, powdered metals Some may be absorbed Dust inhalation Low toxicity... 

Drugs or other substances that come in contact with the skin are readily absorbed as the skin is well hydrated and the stratum corneum is thin overdose toxicity may result, e.g. with hexachlorophane used in dusting powders and emulsions to prevent infection. 

Starch is also used in topical preparations for example, it is widely used in dusting powders for its absorbency, and is used as a protective covering in ointment formulations applied to the skin. Starch mucilage has also been applied to the skin as an emollient, has formed the base of some enemas, and has been used in the treatment of iodine poisoning. 

Fillers fibreglass, silicas, calcium carbonate, powdered metal pigments some may be absorbed potential primary irritant dust inhalation low toxicity... 

Dust can be said to be a solid broken down into powder, and the form that it takes will have different effects on the body. Fibrous dusts can attack tissue directly while others may be composed of poisons, which are absorbed into the bloodstream. For the purpose of this chapter, fumes can be regarded as very small particles resulting from the chemical reaction or condensation of vapor, which can have the same two effects. It is not necessary for plant engineers to have an in-depth knowledge of pathology, only that they must be aware of the possible results of exposure to dusts and fumes. 

Pulmonary agents have been absorbed into porous powders (e.g., pumice) and disseminated as dust clouds. The agents are slowly released by the dust particles thereby greatly increasing the persistency of the agents. 

Pinocytosis. This process by which particles are absorbed can be an important factor in the ingestion of particulate formulations of chemicals (e.g., dust formulations, suspensions of wettable powders, etc.) however, it must not be confused with absorption by one of the above processes, where the agent has been released from particles. 

Substances that can be inhaled include gases, vapors, liquid aerosols (both liquid and solid substances in solution), and finely divided powders/dusts (dust aerosols). Such substances may be absorbed from the respiratory tract or, through the action of clearance mechanisms, may be transported out of the respiratory tract and swallowed. This means that absorption from the gastrointestinal tract will contribute to the total body burden of substances that are inhaled. 

There are two reasons why artists are particularly vulnerable to diseases caused by exposure to toxic materials. First of all, artists, by the nature of their work, may have daily, long-term contact with materials that are highly toxic. Second, art materials are used as aerosols, powders, dusts, and in solution, from which maximum physical absorption and adsorption are possible. An artist can inhale aerosols. Powders and dusts are also inhaled and, in addition, can be absorbed through the skin. Solutions and many solvents evaporate into the air for the artist to inhale over long periods of time. This chemical assault, day after day, causes a variety of illnesses. In the following section on artists illnesses, all the chemicals cited are used by artists as they draw and paint, sculpt, work with metals, or develop and print photos—in general, as they engage in any art-associated activity. 

A crucial omission in the research on residual insecticides for bark beetle control has been the absence of corollary studies relating control effectiveness to the physical structure of insecticide deposits on and in bark. The importance of deposit structure has been well documented (3, 21, 36). The structure of the deposit affects its availability to the insect contacting it and governs its toxicity. On an absorbent surface like bark, two major types of residues can be created deposits on the surface and deposits in the bark tissue. Henceforth, these will be referred to as surface and tissue deposits, respectively. Dusts and wettable powders form surface deposits. Solutions and emulsions penetrate and form mainly tissue deposits, though they may not remain in the tissue. The insecticide may crystallize out of solution, forming a deposit of fine crystals on the bark surface. 

Solid epoxy resins are not readily absorbed through the skin and present a low risk of skin irritation. Direct contact with solutions of these resins can cause mild to moderate irritation of the skin and the eyes, principally because the solvents remove the protective layer of fat that is on the surface of the skin. When crushed into a fine powder, epoxies should be considered an irritant dust, and inhalation and skin contact should be avoided. Solid resins are generally considered to be low to mild sensitizers. 

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