Water-soluble arsenic

Francesconi, K.A., P. Micks, R.A. Stockton, and K.J. Irgolic. 1985. Quantitative determination of arsenobe-taine, the major water-soluble arsenical in three species of crab, using high pressure liquid chromatography and an inductively coupled argon plasma emission spectrometer as the arsenic-specific detector. Chemosphere 14 1443-1453. 

Hanaoka, K. and S. Tagawa. 1985a. Isolation and identification of arsenobetaine as a major water soluble arsenic compound from muscle of blue pointer Isurus oxyrhincus and whitetip shark Carcharhinus longimanus. Bull. Japan. Soc. Sci. Fish. 51 681-685. 

Arsenic concentration (mg/kg wet or dry wt. as shown) r/r Water-soluble Arsenic compounds0 ... 

Significant, 20% of total water-soluble arsenic minor, 1-19% of total water-soluble arsenic trace, <1% of total water-soluble arsenic u, unknown. h Lipid arsenic. 

A method for removing arsenic from well water. The water is filtered through a long pipe filled with iron filings and sand. Water-soluble arsenate ions gain electrons from metallic iron to form less-soluble orthoarsenous acid, which gets trapped by the sand and does not exit the pipe. 

The pests are destroyed by absorbing the powder either through the mouth or through the body by contact, and the sprays and dusts should contain minimum quantities of water-soluble arsenic, as this is mainly responsible for foliage injury the fineness of division also has an effect, and injury is increased if the arsenate is too highly dispersed.5 In the United States a legal limit (0-75 per cent. As2Os) is imposed as to the amount of water-soluble arsenic that may be present in lead... 

The only stable and naturally occurring isotope of arsenic is 75 As, where each atom of this isotope has 33 protons and 42 neutrons. The most common valence states of arsenic are —3, 0, +3 and +5. Arsenic and its compounds include elemental forms, organoarsenicals, arsenides, arsenosulfides, arsenites and arsenates. Arsenic forms also partially substitute for sulfide, sulfate, and possibly carbonate in a variety of minerals (Chapter 2). In the presence of surface and near-surface aerated water, arsenide and arsenosulhde minerals oxidize to more water-soluble arsenates (Chapter 3). 

In other situations, such as at mines in Ron Phibun (Thailand) and Globe and Phoenix (Zimbabwe), arsenopyrite may not completely oxidize and water-soluble arsenic species may form instead of less soluble scorodite (Williams, 2001, 274). The Ron Phibun and Globe and Phoenix waters contain up to 5.114 and 7.400mgL-1 of arsenic, respectively (Williams, 2001, 270). About 40% of the total dissolved inorganic... 

Harrington, C.F., Ojo, A.A., Lai, VW.-M., Reimer, K.J. and Cullen, W.R. (1997) The identification of some water-soluble arsenic species in the marine brown algae Fucus distichus. Appl. Organomet. Chem., 11, 931—940. 

K. Hanaoka, Y. Tanaka, Y. Nagata, K. Yoshida, T. Raise, Water-soluble arsenic residues from several arsenolipids occurring in the tissues of the starspotted shark Mustelus manazo, Appl. Organomet. Chem., 15 (2001), 299-305. 

R. Ebisuda, T. Runito, J. Fujihara, R. Robuta, Y. Shibata, S. Tanabe, Lipid-soluble and water-soluble arsenic compounds in blubber of ring seal (Pusa hispida), Talanta, 61 (2002), 779-787. 

J. Kirby, W. A. Maher, Measurement of water-soluble arsenic species in freeze-dried marine animal tissues by microwave-assisted extraction and HPLC-ICP-MS, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 17 (2002), 838-843. 

S. McSheehy, Z. Mester, Arsenic speciation in marine certified reference materials. Part 1. Identification of water-soluble arsenic species using multidimensional liquid chromatography combined with inductively coupled plasma, electrospray and electrospray high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry with mass spectro-metric detection, J. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 19 (2004), 373-380. 

Wahlen, R., McSheehy, S., Scriver, C., Mester, Z. Arsenic speciation in marine certified reference materials Part 2. the quantification of water-soluble arsenic species by high-performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. J. Anal. At. Spectrom. 19, 876-882 (2004)... 

Arsenic compounds were determined in the marine lungworm Arenicola marina collected from Odensee Fjord, Denmark [159]. In contrast to most other marine animals, A. marina contained most water-soluble arsenic in inorganic forms, and arsenobetaine 54 was present as a minor constituent (6% only). Other arsenic compounds detected in A. marina were dimethylarsinate 47 (4%), tetramethylarsonium ion 53 (1.5%), arsenocholine 55 (<1%), and two arsenosugars (56, 57, 1% and 3%, respectively). A new arsenobetaine, i.e. trimethylarsoniopropionate (62), previously only reported in fish, was also present in trace amounts (<1%). 

The arsenobetaine 54 and riboside 56 as the major water-soluble arsenic compounds were characterized in the sea scallops (Plactopecten magellanicus) and Icelandic scallops Chlamys islandicd) collected near Newfoundland [161]. This result indicated that consumption of the scallops poses little human risk. 

The tetramethylarsonium ion 53, arsenobetain 54, and arsenocholine 55 were detected in the soft tissues of both the pearl-free and the pearl-containing pearl oysters Pincdata fucata [162]. More than 20 years ago, arsenic-containing sugars 56 and 58 have been isolated from the kidney of the giant clam, Tridacna maxima [163]. Water-soluble arsenic species were determined in the kidney of the Tridacna derasa [164]. A total of fifteen organoarsenic species were identified, and 13 of these possessed... 

Finally, we wish to point out the limitations of the following data set. Analytical techniques for determining organoarsenic species have improved steadily since the first of such methods was reported in the 1970s. Nevertheless, most of the methods used today involve separations (or derivatizations) in aqueous media. Consequently, these methods are only capable of determining water-soluble arsenicals, and arsenic compounds that are not soluble in water remain unidentified. The presence of such compounds has often been ascertained by the difference between concentrations of total arsenic and water-soluble arsenic. Future work should profit from techniques capable of determining water-insoluble arsenic species. 

In addition, it should be mentioned that the highest emphasis until now is on water-soluble arsenic species, which is reflected in the remainder of the article. But it should not been forgotten that lipid-soluble arsenic species (like arsenolipids) exist. Howevei they need different extraction protocols using mainly lipophilic solvents like methanol/chloroform and different separation techniques. 

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