About the References

Finally, calomel electrodes (and more especially hydrogen electrodes) are not suitable for field measurements because they are not sufficiently robust. The calomel electrodes are however essential for calibrating the field reference electrodes. Saturated KCI calomel electrodes are the most suitable because there is then no doubt about the reference potential of the calibrating electrode. Lack of adequate calibration is a common cause of cathodic protection system mismanagement. 

We want to examine the relative behaviors of the two neighboring phase space trajectories, x (t) and x(t), starting from the initial conditions x (0) and x(0) = x (0) -f-Jx(0), respectively. The time evolution of their separation, x(i), may be approximated by linearizing the equations about the reference trajectory, x (t) ... 

Simply producing reference materials is not enough they have to be used properly. Chapter 7 reviewed the proper use of RMs, but unless RMs and CRMs can be easily obtained and moved from one country to another without delays, duty or unnecessary controls, their use will be inhibited. Likewise, information about the materials that are available, their use, and their application should be freely available if analysts are to make informed decisions about the selection and use of a RM or CRM. It has already been made clear in previous Chapters that the correct choice of reference material for a particular application requires not only information about the RM, which is relatively easily available, but also information about the uses and applications of the reference material. Unfortunately, neither the availability of information about the reference materials and their uses nor their free movement across national borders are at all satisfactory. 

The degree of short-range order in an amorphous material can be characterized by a hard sphere model if the basic structure of an amorphous material is approximated by spheres. The density of packing of atoms around a reference atom is described by the number of atom centers per volume that lie in a spherical shell of thickness, dr, and radius about the reference atom. In a hard sphere model, the number, n, of neighboring spheres with centers between r and dr is measured as a function of r. 

The USPTO examiner conducted an independent search of the subject matter, and in the search report, the JACS paper turned up—in other words, the examiner s search identified the paper even though it was not submitted. Nevertheless, there was no evidence that he actually reviewed the reference but the search report was entered into the file. Remember that the U.S. attorney who understood the U.S. law and the affirmative burden it places on applicants did not know about the reference, the French agent did. The French agent would have seen the search report in the file and would have known that the U.S. examiner saw at least the abstract to the reference. If you were the French agent after having seen the JACS reference turn up in the examiner s search report, might you have assumed the examiner looked at his own search report and if he had a question about any reference, asked the applicants ... 

We may now expand the Hamiltonian in geometrical distortions about the reference geometry... 

The second principle applies to any physical representation anything that is used to stand for something else has an existence in its own right in addition to its existence in a stand-for relation to its referent. What is potentially problematic for understanding cartographic maps is distinguishing between the physical features of a map that do and do not carry representational meaning about the referent. 

A second way to insure that children have access to the necessary information about the referent space is to give them mapping tasks while they are in the referent space itself. Illustrative is work in which children are asked to look around a room to find objects, and then mark the objects locations on a map of that room (e.g., Liben Downs, 1993 Liben Yekel, 1996), or to go to a location marked on a map of the room in which the child is being interviewed (e.g., Bluestein Acredolo, 1979 Presson, 1982). 

The analysis of a difference equation is greatly simplified if it is thought of as an approximation to the corresponding differential equation at a specified point, which will usually be a mesh point. From this point of view, the approximation to each term arises naturally from considerations of symmetry or convenience, and just as naturally the error in the approximation can be related to the Taylor expansion of the term in question about the reference point. 

The clinician should always be supplied with as much information about the reference values as he or she needs for the interpretation. Reference intervals for all laboratory tests maybe presented to the physicians in a booklet together with information about the analysis methods, their imprecision, and descriptions of the reference values. The aim must be to present to the physicians enough information for rational clinical judgments. 

On the recognition that the expansion is about the reference state and hence that the linear term in the expansion vanishes (i.e. (d ioi/UfyOre/ = 0), eqn (5.85) reduces to... 

With the help of these parameters the given data about the reference temperature can be validated. In all cases the correct value can be determined. It will be required for the calculation of the Damkoehler number Da (To). 

Note 3 Specification of the reference must include the time at which this reference was used in establishing the calibration hierarchy, along with any other relevant metrological information about the reference, such as when the first calibration in the calibration hierarchy was performed. 

This temporal derivation can be seen as a peculiar form of the evolution operator t" , as it conveys the continuous change of state of the system caused by the energy conversion. A precision must be made about the reference to a continuous process, as this is not a compulsory requirement for the Formal Graph theory. This justifies the distinct use of the concept of inverse evolution operator, which can be represented by a temporal integration when the conversion process is continuous or by another operator otherwise. As it is simpler to represent derivations with algebraic symbols than integrations, it will be made mainly using the reciprocal instead of the T operator. 

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