A term

STOIIP" s a term which normalises volumes of oil contained under high pressure and temperature in the subsurface to surface conditions (e.g. 1 bar, 15°C). In the early days of the industry this surface volume was referred to as stock tank oit and since measured prior to any production having taken place it was the volume initially in placd. ... 

One can write acid-base equilibrium constants for the species in the inner compact layer and ion pair association constants for the outer compact layer. In these constants, the concentration or activity of an ion is related to that in the bulk by a term e p(-erp/kT), where yp is the potential appropriate to the layer [25]. The charge density in both layers is given by the algebraic sum of the ions present per unit area, which is related to the number of ions removed from solution by, for example, a pH titration. If the capacity of the layers can be estimated, one has a relationship between the charge density and potential and thence to the experimentally measurable zeta potential [26]. 

A term that is nearly synonymous with complex numbers or functions is their phase. The rising preoccupation with the wave function phase in the last few decades is beyond doubt, to the extent that the importance of phases has of late become comparable to that of the moduli. (We use Dirac s terminology [7], which writes a wave function by a set of coefficients, the amplitudes, each expressible in terms of its absolute value, its modulus, and its phase. ) There is a related growth of literatm e on interference effects, associated with Aharonov-Bohm and Berry phases [8-14], In parallel, one has witnessed in recent years a trend to construct selectively and to manipulate wave functions. The necessary techifiques to achieve these are also anchored in the phases of the wave function components. This bend is manifest in such diverse areas as coherent or squeezed states [15,16], elecbon bansport in mesoscopic systems [17], sculpting of Rydberg-atom wavepackets [18,19], repeated and nondemolition quantum measurements [20], wavepacket collapse [21], and quantum computations [22,23], Experimentally, the determination of phases frequently utilizes measurement of Ramsey fringes [24] or similar" methods [25]. 

We have ignored a term m (0c0fc — 0j,0c) u), which is zero by the commutativity of derivatives. The crucial step is now, as in [72] and in other later derivations, the evaluation of the fifth and sixth terms by insertion of k) i (which is the unity operator, when k is summed over a complete set)... 

In a molecular dynamics calculation, you can add a term to adjust the velocities, keeping the molecular system near a desired temperature. During a constant temperature simulation, velocities are scaled at each time step. This couples the system to a simulated heat bath at Tq, with a temperature relaxation time of "r. The velocities arc scaled bv a factor X. where... 

In addition to these basic term s. force fieldsoften h ave cross term s that combine the above interactions. For example there may be a term which causes ati angle bend to interact with a bond stretch term (opening a bond angle may tend to lengthen the bonds in volved). 

The three-body contribution may also be modelled using a term of the form i ( AB,tAc,J Bc) = i A,B,c exp(-Q AB)exp(-/i Ac)exp(-7 Bc) where K, a, j3 and 7 are constants describing the interaction between the atoms A, B and C. Such a functional form has been used in simulations of ion-water systems, where polarisation alone does not exactly model configurations when there are two water molecules close to an ion [Lybrand and Kollman 1985]. The three-body exchange repulsion term is thus only calculated for ion-water-water trimers when the species are close together. 

The coefficients C are chosen to ensure that the function has a minimum at the appropriate reference bond angle. For linear, trigonal, square planar and octahedral coordination, Fourier series with just two terms are used with a Cq term and a term for n = 1, 2, 3 or 4, respectively ... 

Therefore the second-order derivative of/ appearing in the original form of / is replaced by a term involving first-order derivatives of w and/plus a boundary term. The boundary terms are, normally, cancelled out through the assembly of the elemental stiffness equations over the common nodes on the shared interior element sides and only appear on the outside boundaries of the solution domain. However, as is shown later in this chapter, the appropriate treatment of these integrals along the outside boundaries of the flow domain depends on the prescribed boundary conditions. 

Note espeeially the eenter temi in Eq. (5-3). Physieal eoupling of the masses leads to a term dependent on both x and X2- Equation (5-3) as written is not separable into an equation only in x and an equation only in X2-... 

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