A-Succinyl chitosan

Many attempts have been made to enhance CS s solubility in water. Among them, the acid derivatives of CS are much suitable for biomedical and membrane applications. Aiping et al. [31] reported a novel biocompatible CS derivative A-succinyl chitosan (NSCS, Figure 16.3), which is water soluble and can self-assemble in distilled water to regular nanospheres. 

Reductive amination of AT-succinyl chitosan and lactose using sodium cyanoborohydride in a phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) for 6 days was suitable for the preparation of lactosaminated M-succinyl chitosan (Fig. 3). Over 10% of dose/g-tissue was distributed to the prostate and lymph nodes at 48 h postadministration in both chitosan and lactosaminated N-succinyl chitosan. The labeled lactosaminated M-succinyl chitosan was easily distributed into not only the liver but also prostate, intestine, preputial gland and lymph nodes [153]. 

Kato Y, Onishi H, Machida Y (2000). Evaluation of N-succinyl-chitosan as a systemic long-circulating polymer. Biomaterials. 21 1579-1585. 

Kato, Y, Onishi, H., and Machida, Y. (2001). Biological characteristics of lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan as a liver-specific drug carrier in mice,/. Control Release, 70,295-307. 

Yan, C., Chen, D., Gu, J. etal. Preparation of N-succinyl-chitosan and their physical-chemical properties as a novel excipient. The Pharmaceutical Society of Japan. 2006, v. 126, 789-793. 

Several studies have demonstrated anti-adhesive effects of modified chitosan based cross-linked hydrogels. A gel was synthesized from succinyl chitosan and dextran aldehyde, and its efficacy in reducing adhesion formation in the intraperitoneal cavity was evaluated in rat models [151]. The surgical procedure was performed by laparotomy and either cecal abrasion or anastomotic simulation by enterotomy of the cecum with primary closure. After 21 days postoperatively, adhesions were significantly reduced for the treatment group in both the models. There was no adverse effect on wound healing. 

Lu B, Sun Y, Li Y et al (2009) N-succinyl-chitosan grafted with low molecular weight polyethylenimine as a serum-resistant gene vector. Mol Biosyst 5 629-637... 

To separate Cu (II) ions from multi-element coexistence solution, Sun et al. synthesized a new adsorbent material [32]. N-Succinyl chitosan (NSC) synthesized via introduction of succinyl groups at the N-position of the glucosamine units of chitosan. NSC was added into the copper acetate solution to form the Cu (II) template NSC. After crosslinking, the crosslinked NSC resins with Cu (II) as template ions were obtained. The results of the adsorption experiments showed that the crosslinked NSC template can selectively adsorbed Cu (II) ions from the solution of Cu (II), Zn (II), Co (II), and Ni (II) ions coexistence. The crosslinked NSC template also showed a good reusability. After reuse for eight times, the adsorption capacity of the crosslinked NSC template for Cu (II) ions decreased slightly from 2.11 to 1.88 mmol/g. 

Kumar, R., Isloor, A. M., Ismail, A. R, and Matsuura, T. 2013a. Performance improvement of polysulfone ultrafiltration membrane using N-succinyl chitosan as additive. Desalination 318 1-8. 

FIGURE 1.6 Chemical modification of chitosan for different applications (a) methvlation (b) thiolation, (c) azylation, (d) copolymenzation, and (e) N-succinylation. RepmdS w h permission from Ref. [52]. 2013 Elsevier. reproduced with... 

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