A illuminant

Muses, C.A. Illumination on Jacob Boehme the work of Dionysius Andreas Freher. New York London King s Crown P OUP, 1951. 201p. 

Figure 5.7 Concentration profiles of O2 and CH4 in soil cores from a ricefield (a) illuminated and (b) not illuminated (Damgaard et al, 1998). Reproduced by permission of American Society for Microbiology...

Let us distinguish between the three most important cases. a. Illumination Under Anodic Polarization... 

As is known from the literature [59 a], illumination of frozen solutions containing trapped electrons in the e,7 absorption band results in a decrease in the concentration of e,7. It is also well known that, for water-alkaline glasses, with such illumination, a transition of an electron from a trap into the conduction... 

Figure 38 (A) Illuminance and (B) Irradiance maps of a chamber showing that the two different lamps do not give the same mapping pattern. Source Courtesy of Jay C. Brumfield and Pfizer Ltd.

Figure 1.14. Diagram illustrating the van Cittert-Zernike theorem. An extended source a illuminates a diffracting object in the xj -plane, a distance R away.

Consider an incident laser beam with wavelength A illuminating a polymer sample, represented by the large circle in Fig. 2.19, along the direction with... 

Fig. 5. Effect of illumination temperature and warming on the EPR signal of a PS-II preparation (a) Illuminated at 140 K for 30 s (b) sample from (a) warmed in the dark to 190 K for 30 s (c) sample initially illuminated at 190 K. All spectra recorded at 10 K. Spectra of dark-adapted sample have been subtracted In each case. Figure source Casey and Sauer (1984) EPR detection of a cryogenicaiiy photogenerated intermediate in photosynthetic oxygen evolution. Biochim Biophys Acta 767 p 23.

A. Illuminated painting from MS Germ. Fol. 42, c. 1532-5. (By permission of Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin— Preussischer Kulturbesitz)... 

Fig. 12. Normalized photocunent of 2 /(m-thick undoped a-Si H as a function of absorption coefficient a(/tv). (a) Illumination of free surface (front-lit) and (b) illumination through glass substrate (back-lit). For explanations of surface and sample treatments A-D, see text. [After Persans (1980).]...

Characteristic of many of the experiments described above and other TERS studies reported in the literature are (a) the use of an inverted microscope or illumination that is closely related to such a configuration, (b) the use of thick probe films, and (c) tips covered with metal grains. Each of these points indicates a non-optimal experimental condition for TERS. In fact, a configuration optimal for TERS requires (a) illumination with a strong polarization component parallel to the tip axis, (b) the possibility to use opaque, massive substrates, (c) an easy control of the adsorbate coverage, and (d) sharp, smooth tips with a... 

The feasibility of employing fluorescent tracers and video imaging analysis to quantify dermal exposure to pesticide applicators has been demonstrated under realistic field conditions. Six workers loaded a tracer with the organophosphate pesticide, diazinon, into air blast sprayers, and conducted normal dormant spraying in pear orchards. They were examined prior to and immediately after the application. UV-A illumination produced fluorescence on the skin surface, and the pattern of exposure was digitized with a video imaging system. Quantifiable levels of tracer were detected beneath cotton coveralls on five workers. The distribution of exposure over the body surface varied widely due to differences in protective clothing use, work practices and environmental conditions. This assessment method produced exposure values at variance with those calculated by the traditional patch technique. 

In order to compare the Vis-NIR instrument equipped with a difihise reflectance probe to a standard laboratory color instrument (in this case, an X-Rite SP-68 integrating sphere spectrophotometer), off-line measurements were carried out on pressed plaques at room temperature, All color values were calculated using a standard A illuminant and a 10° observer angle. 

FIGURE 1. (A) Qe induction curves for osmotically-shocked pea chloropiasts in the absence ( ) and presence (-)of ascorbate under linear electron transport. (B) 505-nm change kinetics acquired simultaneously with fluorescence induction curves in (A). Illumination was 350 nmol photons m V Reagent concentrations were 30hq total chlorophyll, 60mM ascorbate when present, and 0.1 mM MV. 

As long as small spherical nanoparticles (dipolar approximation is applicable to obtain optical properties, instead of solving the complex vector wave equations. As a typical example, here we consider a spherical nanoparticle of diameter a illuminated by a plane wave. Upon illumination, polarization is induced in the nanoparticle and is proportional to the incident field (So), the dielectric constant of the surrounding material, and the polarizability of the nanoparticle as follows. 

Figure 5. Image path of the phase contrast microscope, convening phase shifts into a noticeable contrast a) Illuminating diaphragm ring b) Condenser, c) Specimen generating a phase shift d) Objective plate e) Phase plate 0 Intermediate image...

Figure 4.6 Influence of the illumination time on the absorbance noise in HR-CS F AAS for lead at 217.001 nm (a) illumination time 5 s (b) illumination time 45 s...

All processes of irradiation were carried out using a illuminator Cole Palmer 41720-series keeping a distance of 10 cm between the lamp surface and the solution, varying the time periods of exposure at 25 °C under continuous shaking, with a emission maximum in UVA-Vis 320 00 nm (3.3 mW/cm, 45-575 Lux/ seg) (radiation dose 4.5 J/cm ) as measured with a model of UVX Digital Radiometer after 1 h continued illumination. 

Fig. 7. (a) Bright field view of a sample of vesicles containing [urease] = 10.3 U/mL and [pyranine] = 650 p.M. (b) Fluorescence imaging of the sample of vesicles depicted in panel (a) illumination at A = 488 nm. (c) Fluorescence intensity of the vesicles when immersed in a solution containing [ureajo = 3 x 10 M, [pyranine] = 650 xM (Color figure online). 

The diffuse source of Fig. 4-3 (a) illuminates the endface of a step-profile fiber in Fig. 4-4. This source excites all tunneling and refracting rays, as well as bound rays. In order to determine the power entering the tunneling rays, we must first determine the distribution function. 

The partially diffuse source of Fig. 20-6(a) illuminates a single-mode fiber. We showed in Sections 20-7 and 20-12 that the fundamental mode is most efficiently excited by on-axis beams. Thus, it is intuitive that the more diffuse the source, i.e. the larger 0 , the lower the efficiency of the source in exciting the fundamental mode. To demonstrate this behavior quantitatively, we consider a source with a Gaussian intensity... 

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