A hierarchy of needs

we are motivated to fulfill our physiological needs, which include basic survival requirements for food, water, shelter, and sleep. After these needs are under control, we are motivated by safety and security needs—the desire to feel secure and protected from future dangers. When we prepare for future physiological needs, we are proactively working to satisfy our need for safety and security. 

The next motivational stage includes our social acceptance needs—the need to have friends and to feel like we belong. When these needs are gratified, our concern focuses on self-esteem, the desire to develop self-respect, gain the approval of others, and achieve personal success. 

It seems intuitive that various self-needs require satisfaction before self-transcendent or actively caring behavior is likely to occur. Actually, there is little research support for ranking needs in a hierarchy. In fact, it is possible to think of a number of examples where individuals have actively cared for others before satisfying all of their own needs. Mahatma Gandhi is a prime example of a leader who put the concerns of others before his 

I am sure you can think of individuals in your life, including perhaps yourself, who reached tire level of self-transcendence before satisfying needs in tire lower stages. I shall demonstrate in Chapter 15, however, that while satisfying lower level needs might not be 

As Ghandi stepped aboard a train one day, one of his shoes slipped off and landed on the track. To the amazement of his companions, Ghandi calmly took off his other shoe and threw it back along the track to land close to the first. Asked by a fellow passenger why he did so, Ghandi smiled. The poor man who finds the shoe lying on the track will now have a pair he can use.  

---

Although environmental protection must not compromise safety, there is a duty to minimise harm to the environment from prescribed processes at all times. There is a hierarchy of needs which includes ... 

More than 50 years ago, psychologist Abraham Maslow created what he called a hierarchy of needs. It was a pyramid representation of what human beings needed most in life, in order from the most importanttothe least. Obviously, the most important needs are the ones people have to have to survive, such as air, food, water, and shelter. Beyond that, however, was the need to belong and fit in with others. It is a powerful drive in humans and nowhere is that made clearer than in the typical high school, where differentness, as Midler calls it, is a curse. 

Psychologist Abraham Maslow (3) hypothesized a hierarchy of needs that classifies human motivation, listed in descending priority ... 

Maslow Maslow developed a hierarchy of needs. The concept has been quite popular. His theory is a content theory that looks within an individual for variables that effect desired paformance. His hierarchy consisted of five classes of needs ranked in importance fi om low to high. He thought that needs at the base of the hierarchy required satisfaction first. Higher... 

Of course, once the food market at the current price is satisfied and prices drop, other markets may be able to use sugar before the price reaches the fuel price. Another large market that can afford to pay a nutritional premium is the animal feed industry, which now is a large user of molasses. Thus, there is a hierarchy of needs emd willingness to pay, in the order food, feed, then fuels. Further consideration of other markets leads to the extended hierarchy shown in Table I (with apologies for the forced alliteration). 

Product specifications should specify requirements for the manufacture, assembly, and installation of the product in a manner that provides acceptance criteria for inspection and test. They may be written specifications, engineering drawings, diagrams, inspection and test specifications, and schematics. With complex products you may need a hierarchy of documents from system drawings showing the system installation to component drawings for piece-part manufacture. Where there are several documents that make up the product specification there should be an overall listing that relates documents to one another. 

Later theories by Maslow (1954) showed the narrowness of that view, and the importance of factors such as social, esteem, achievement, and other needs. Maslow has put forward a hierarchy of five types of needs in descending order of priority ... 

The second compound above raises an important issue how do you name the functional group when you have two functional groups in a compound One will go in the suffix of the name and the other will be a prefix in the substituent part of the name. But how do we choose which one goes as the suffix of the name There is a hierarchy that needs to be followed. The six groups shown above are listed according to their hierarchy, so a carboxylic acid takes precedence over an alcohol. A compound with both of these groups is named as a ketone and we put the term hydroxy in the substituent part of the name. 

There are a variety of process safety risks one needs to assess with chemical processes. In general, these risks will lead to an evaluation of the potential for the process to have precipitous changes in temperature and or pressure that lead to secondary events such as detonations, explosions, over pressurizations, fires, and so forth. The most cost-effective way of avoiding these sorts of risks is through the adoption of inherent safety principles. Inherent safety principles are very similar to and complementary to pollution prevention principles, where one attempts to use a hierarchy of approaches to avoid and/or reduce the risk of an adverse event. The reader is referred elsewhere to a more complete treatment of this important area of process design. ... 

A further consideration when combining databases from multiple suppliers is how to identify and deal with redundant compounds. Here, some method of mapping multiple supplier information onto a single compound is needed for efficiency. Generally, all information can be mapped, although some consideration of cost and supplier reliability may allow a hierarchy of supplier information to be applied. 

If one formulates the conditions for stationarity of the energy expectation value in terms of generalized normal ordering, one is led to either the irreducible fc-particle Brillouin conditions IBCj or the irreducible A -particle contracted Schrodinger equations (IBC ), which are conditions to be satisfied by y = yj and the k. One gets a hierarchy of k-particle approximations that can be truncated at any desired order, without any need for a reconstruction, as is required for the reducible counterparts. 

For the sake of clarity, this chapter will divide between first considering the merits and importance of acknowledging philosophically and practically that drugs are not just the problem of the presenting individual, but of their families too. It will then focus on the particular problems encountered by children of parents who are drug dependent. Inevitably the greater potential vulnerability of children of parents with drug problems imposes a necessary hierarchy of need and response. The important point however, is that the protection and welfare of such children is not just about the parent and the child but about the extended family too. 

Physical security of the system is required when it stores data that must be secured. All necessary and reasonable measures of restricting logical access to the system should be instituted to prevent loss or corruption of the secured data. The laboratory must estabhsh a hierarchy of passwords that limit access, by function, to those properly authorized individuals who need such functions in the performance of their jobs. Security must be structured in a way that allows access Copyright 2003 Marcel Dekker, Inc. 

There is a straightforward model of human motivation—Maslow s (1987) hierarchy of needs—that is a favorite of management theorists and practitioners. The model is popular because it is relatively simple to convey and fairly easy to apply in practical situations. 

Because of the low success rate for the commercialization of new processes, we will continue to develop new processes by proceeding through a hierarchy of designs, and therefore we will still need shortcut models. To decide whether simple models are applicable in a particular situation, we can develop a perturbation solution around a complex model, so that the simple model is the generating solution. With this approach, we can establish an error criterion that will indicate the validity of the simple model. 

Not only do you need to examine your own feelings and motivations, but you also need to examine those of fhe ofher person. Determining where a person is coming from is an invaluable assef in conflict management. Toropov (1997) suggests that Maslow s hierarchy of needs may be used to determine a person s reference poinf in conflict. Maslow outlines seven levels... 

Maslow s hierarchy of needs may give you insight into another person s side of a conflict. The hierarchy may also help you to examine your own needs. In either case, you are more attuned to the other person s needs and motivations and are more able to accommodate them. 

---