A Brief Review of Organic Reactions

There are four main kinds of reactions additions, eliminations, substitutions, and rearrangements. We ve now seen examples of all four, as summarized in Review Tables 1-4. 

O CHgCHCHaBr (d Electrophilic addition of water by oxymercuration (Section 7.4) 

Dehydrohalogenation of aryl halides benzyne formation (Section 16.9) 

Sfj2 reactions of primary alkyl halides (a) General reaction (Sections 11.2-11.5) 

Electrophilic aromatic substitution (Sections 16.1-16.4) (a) Halogenation of aromatic compounds (Section 16.1) 

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Chemistry of Benzene Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution 592 A Brief Review of Organic Reactions 645... 

In a previous article [8] a brief review of bifunctional chains of atoms with respect to their reactivities and modes of formation was presented. Consequently, the polarity concept is of some value to systematization of organic reactions and it should be helpful to planning synthesis. 

Studies of the reactions of many atmospherically important atomic and free radical species were described in Section 9 this Section deals primarily with important molecular species. A brief review of the progress achieved recently in the field of atmospheric chemistry has been provided by Cox, " with emphasis on the reactions of O3 and important H-, N-, C-, halogen-, and S-containing species. Waynehas reviewed extraterrestrial atmospheric photochemistry and Strobel " has reviewed the photochemistries of the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan. Kaye and Strobeldescribed a 1-dimensional photochemical model of PHj chemistry in the atmosphere of Saturn. A study of the photochemical reactions of H2O and CO in the Earth s primitive atmosphere has been presented by Bar-Nun and Chang. " They concluded that even if the primitive atmosphere initially contained no H2 and contained carbon only in the form of CO and CO2, photochemical processes would have enriched the environment with a variety of organic compounds. 

Ott, Martin A., Noordik, Jan H. 1992. "Computer Tools for Reaction Retrieval and Synthesis Planning in Organic Chemistry A Brief Review of Their History, Methods, and Programs." Recueil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Bas, lll(June) 239-246. 

We devote this chapter to a brief review of the major types of solid catalysts used in the production of intermediates and fine chemicals. Though these reactions can be carried out in both the vapor and liquid phases, the substrates used in organic synthesis are often relatively complex liquid molecules which tend to decompose under harsh conditions. Hence it is usually desirable to operate under softer conditions, thus preserving the liquid state of the substrate and preventing any likely decomposition to unwanted products. 

Both intra and inter molecular electron transfer are fundamental processes in electron transport in polymers. This in turn determines the operation of organic optoelectronic devices. Electron transfer between molecular complexes is also an important process in many biological systems. In this section we give a brief review of the nonadiabatic electron transfer that is relevant to electron transport. Since this process is nonadiabatic, the configuration coordinates of the initiai and final electronic states are different. In practice, they are often taken to have the same vaiues namely the position at which the potential energy surfaces cross (called the reaction coordinates), as illustrated in Fig. 9.6. 

Interactions of vicinal bonds have been extensively studied and are well known as hyperconjugation, resonance, and others [89-91], The a bonds vicinal to a reacting 71 bond have been proposed to participate in organic reactions and to control the selectivity [92, 93], Recently, we noticed the importance of the participation of the a bonds geminal to a reacting % bond (Scheme 35) [94] and have made extensive applications [95-102], Here, we present an orbital phase theory for the geminal bond participation and make a brief review. 

His magisterial review, "Principles of an Electronic Theory of Organic Reactions". . . was a kind of legal brief describing the way physical organic chemistry ought to be if only God had done his work properly. 

It is not our aim to provide here a comprehensive review of solid-state organic chemistry. We intend rather to dwell on the interplay between stereochemical factors and solid-state effects, using examples from the literature as illustrations. Before this elaboration, however, we provide a brief discussion of some relevant aspects of organic crystal structures and their roles in determining reaction course. 

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