A-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate

AMPA a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid... 

Weiser, T., Brenner, M., Palluk, R., Bechtel, W.D., Ceci, A., Brambilla, A., Ensinger, H.A., Sagrada, A., Wienrich, M. BIIR 561 CL A novel combined antagonist of a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels with anticonvulsive and neuroprotective properties, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 1999, 289, 1343-1349. 

AMPA (a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) is a selective glutamate receptor agonist, which is selective for the AMPA subtype (previously called quisqualate receptors). It is bioisostere of glutamic add and an analogue of ibotenic acid. 

These cationic channels (also referred to as ionotropic receptors in contrast to metabotropic receptors which are GPCR activated by glutamate), include A -methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDAR), a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic-acidreceptors (AMPAR) and kainate receptors. They are widely expressed in the central nervous system where they play key roles in excitatory... 

Jardemark K, Nilsson M, Muyderman H, Jacobson I. 1997. Ca ion permeability properties of (RS)a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) receptors in isolated intemeurons from the olfactory bulb of the rat. J Neurophysiol 77 702-708. 

Liu H-P, Tay SS-W, Leong S-K (1997b) Localization of glutamate receptor subunits of the a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA) type in the pancreas of newborn guinea pigs. Pancreas 74 360-368. 

AMPA a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate ECG electrocardiogram... 

Nielsen E0, Dreijer J, Cha J-HJ, Young AB, Honore T (1990) Autoradiographic characterization and localization of quisqualate binding sites in rat brain using the antagonist [ H]7-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione comparison with (R,S)-[ H]a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid binding sites. J. Neurochem, 54, 686-695. 

Abbreviations AOB, accessory olfactory bulb mAChR, muscarinic cholinergic receptor nAChR, nicotinic cholinergic receptor alpha and beta adrenergic receptors D, dopamine receptors 5-HT,a and S-HTja/c, serotonin receptors NMDA, N-methyl-D-Aspartate receptor AMPA, a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor GABAa/b, gamma aminobutyric acid receptor XX, receptor present in region. 

Picrotoxin (100 [iM) and DL-2-Amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid (APV) (40 [nM) are included in the buffer when isolating (RS)-a-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-mediated excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSCs). APV and 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) (10 0M) are included when isolating GABAA-mediated IPSCs. 

Signal transduction pathway(s) linked to the a-amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate (AMPA)/kainate receptor subtype plays a major role in transmission of sensory information from the airways to the nucleus tractus solitarii and from nucleus tractus solitarii neurones to the airway vagal preganglionic cells, mediating reflexly increased tracheal blood flow, submucosal gland secretion, and airway tone (Haxhiu et al. 2000). 

Potentiation by axiracetam was specific for a-amino - 3 - hydroxy - 5 - methyl - 4 - isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor-mediated signal transduction, as the drug changed neither the stimulation of Ca influx by kainate or N-methyl-n-aspartate nor the activation of inositol phosphohpid hydrolysis elicited by quisqualate or ( )-l-aminocyclopen-tane-fra s-l,3-dicarboxyhc acid. Piracetam, anira-... 

Oral administration of 1 % creatine to male Sprague-Dawley rats significantly attenuated striatal excitotoxic lesions produced by N-methyl-D-aspartate, but had no effect on lesions produced by a-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or kainic acid (Malcon et al. 2000). 

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