A-actins

Simon, J.R., and Taylor, D.L. (1988) Preparation of a fluorescent analog Acetamidofluoresceinyl labeled dictyostelium discoideum a-actin. In Methods in Enzymology, (R.B. Vallee, ed.), Vol. 134, p. 47. Academic Press, San Diego. 

Pollard, T. D. and Cooper, J. A. Actin and actin-binding proteins. A critical evaluation of mechanisms and functions. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 55 987-1035,1986. 

Sheep anti-FITC-POD (Roche). Primary antibodies in this study we have used a mouse monoclonal antibody against smooth muscle a-actin (sm-a-actin, Dako) and rabbit polyclonal antibody against programmed cell death 4 (PDCD4, Rockland Immunochemicals). 

Detection of protein markers is done by incubating 150 pi primary antibody (here anti-sm-a-actin diluted 1 200 and anti-PDCD4 diluted 1 300) (see Note 6) diluted in PBS containing 1% BSA for 60 min at room temperature. 

Fig. 1. Combined miR-21 ISFI and sm-a-actin IFIC for delineation of the cellular origin of mlR-21 in breast cancer. MiR-21 was detected with TSA-FITC substrate greerf) and sm-a-actin with Cy3 redj. Section was counter stained with DAPi (Woe). The MiR-21 ISFI signal is seen in sm-a-actin-positive myofibroblast located in the breast cancer stroma (St) surrounding clusters of miR-21 negative cancer cells (Ca). The individual fluorophores are shown in blackand white.

The obvious differential expression of miR-205 and sm-a-actin is noteworthy. MiR-205 is likely not associated with smooth muscle differentiation in general since no expression is seen in the VSMC and myofibroblasts. MiR-205 is more likely related to the basal cell characteristics also seen in skin (20). The specific targets and role of miR-205 in differentiation of basal cells are not known (45). The differential expression of miR-21 and sm-a-actin is also interesting but is not as drastic as for miR-205. In addition to myofibroblasts, both smooth muscle cells in colon (46) and myoepithelial cells in breast (44) have been found to express miR-21. 

The observed effects of cell therapy in this one patient were intriguing first, the cell-treated infarcted areas of this patient s heart had a higher capillary density than did the nontreated, infarcted areas (Fig. 7.15). Second, smooth muscle a-actin-positive pericytes and mural cells proliferated exclusively in the cell-treated area. Third, these pericytes and mural cells expressed specific cardiomyocyte proteins. 

Wang, Q. Bilan, P.J. Tsakiridis, T. Hinek, A. Klip, A. Actin filaments participate in the relocalization of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to glucose transporter-containing compartments and in the stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem. J., 331, 917-928 (1998)... 

FIGURE 1-9 The three types of cytoskeletal filaments. The upper panels show epithelial cells photographed after treatment with antibodies that bind to and specifically stain (a) actin filaments bundled together to form "stress fibers," (b) microtubules radiating from the cell center, and (c) intermediate filaments extending throughout the cytoplasm. For these experiments, antibodies that specifically recognize actin, tubu-... 

One family with CCD arising from an RyRl mutation also had nemaline rods similar to those found with nemaline myopathies (NM) (Scacheri 2000). Muscle fibers from these patients show frequent clusters of rod-like structures. The autosomal dominant form of NM has been linked to mutations in the genes for a-tropomyosin and skeletal a-actin. A recessive form is associated with mutations in nebulin and a-tropomyosin. A major, unanswered question is whether and/or how a mutation in RyRl can produce a similar pathology. 

Fig. 3. (A) Actin filament composed of actin molecules (A), two tropomyosin stands...

Fig. 9. (A) Actin monomer with each of its four structural subdomains shown in...

Studies by Axel et al, examined the effect of paclitaxel on the distribution of the contractile filament SMC a-actin and the intermediate filament vimentin in arterial SMCs (51). At a... 

Black, EM., Packer, S.E., Parker, T.G., Michael, L.H., Roberts, R., Schwartz, R.J., and Schneider, M.D. 1991. The vascular smooth muscle a-actin gene is reactivated during cardiac hypertrophy provoked by load. J. Clin. Invest. 79 970-977. 

Figure 2. Hypothetical mechanisms of aggregation of fish actomyosin during frozen storage. (A) King, 69 (B) Connell, 61 (C) Matsumoto ( proposal in the present paper). AM, actomyosin M, myosin MD1 and MDt, denatured myosin A, actin.

CArG A promoter element [CC(A/T)gG] gene for smooth muscle a-actin... 

SMA Smooth muscle antibodies were first described by G.D. Johnson et al. (1965). They mostly possess anti-actin (generally F-actin) specificity, predominantly of the IgG type. Antibodies against troponin and a-actin may also be present. There is great heterogeneity, and a mixture of different antibodies can almost always be found. Evidence of anti-actin antibodies has a high diagnostic value, particularly with a titre of > 1 640 and in the presence of an IgG type. (s. fig. 5.12) (s. p. 119)... 

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