6PPD antiozonant

N-(l, 3-dimethyl butyl)-N -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) (antiozonant) 1... 

Acetone is also used to make the mesityl oxide intermediate, which is used to synthesize MIBK to make 6PPD antiozonant used in rubber. 

Aniline hydrochloride is directly used to produce diphenylamine, a very important feedstock in the production of 6PPD antiozonant, octylated diphenylamine antioxidant, and ADPA AO, all produced for rubber use. 

Butane is also oxidized to acetone, which is used to make TMQ antioxidant, ADPA antioxidant, and mesityl oxide for production of MIBK to produce 6PPD antiozonant... 

Diphenylamine is a very important feedstock in the production of 6PPD antiozonant. Nonrubber Uses... 

Mesityl oxide is used to make MIBK, which is used to synthesize 6PPD antiozonant, which is the most common antiozonant used by the rubber industry. 

N-(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-N -phenyl [61931-82-6] HPPD OI 6PPD 48-50 Antiozonant PD-2, Anto "E", Antozite 67P, Flexzone 7L/7F, Permanax 6PPD, Santoflex 13/13F, UOP 588, Vulkanox 4020... 

Lehocky et al. [76] reported the migration rates of IPPD, 6PPD, and SPPD (see Figure 15.14), determined in different polymers and at different temperatures. SPPD showed the lowest migration rate and is therefore expected to last longest in mbber compounds, see Table 15.4. However, the importance of the migration rate should not be overestimated, as the value is not sufficient to determine the effect and the efficiency of the antiozonant. 

Plasticiser/oil in rubber is usually determined by solvent extraction (ISO 1407) and FTIR identification [57] TGA can usually provide good quantifications of plasticiser contents. Antidegradants in rubber compounds may be determined by HS-GC-MS for volatile species (e.g. BHT, IPPD), but usually solvent extraction is required, followed by GC-MS, HPLC, UV or DP-MS analysis. Since cross-linked rubbers are insoluble, more complex extraction procedures must be carried out. The determination of antioxidants in rubbers by means of HPLC and TLC has been reviewed [58], The TLC technique for antidegradants in rubbers is described in ASTM D 3156 and ISO 4645.2 (1984). Direct probe EIMS was also used to analyse antioxidants (hindered phenols and aromatic amines) in rubber extracts [59]. ISO 11089 (1997) deals with the determination of /V-phenyl-/9-naphthylamine and poly-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (TMDQ) as well as other generic types of antiozonants such as IV-alkyl-AL-phenyl-p-phenylenediamines (e.g. IPPD and 6PPD) and A-aryl-AL-aryl-p-phenylenediamines (e.g. DPPD), by means of HPLC. 

Brack [81] has illustrated the analysis of antioxidants in a CB-free vulcanisate of unknown composition according to Scheme 2.7. Some components detected by off-line TD-GC-MS (cyclohexylamine, aniline and benzothiazole) were clearly indicative of the CBS accelerator other TD components were identified as the antioxidants BHT, 6PPD, Vulcanox BKF and the antiozonant Vulkazon AFS. In the methanol extract also the stabiliser ODPA was identified. The presence of an aromatic oil was clearly derived from the GC-MS spectra of the thermal and methanol extracts. The procedure is very similar to that of Scheme 2.3. 

Antiozonant additives are employed with unsaturated rubbers such as natural rubber, nitrile rubber, styrene-butadiene rubber, etc., to minimise the atmospheric ozone degradation reaction. Common antiozonant types include the parapheny-lene diamines such as N-(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-AT-phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (6PPD) and N-isopropyl-N7 phenyl-p-phenylene diamine (IPPD). Both these antioxidants can be identified and quantified using GC- or LC-based techniques. 

Compound P8 Natural rubber 100 (pphr) Activators 7 Fillers 105 Process aids 50 6PPD 3 TMQ 2 Antiozonant wax 4 Sulphenamide 0.75 TMTM 0.1 Sulphur 1.5... 

Trade Name Synonyms Akrochem Antiozonant PD-2 [Akrochem http //www.akrochem.com]] Antozite 67P [R.T. Vanderbilt http //www.rtvanderbilt.com]] Dusantox 6PPD [Soverei g n http //www.sovereignchemical. com] Prochimie Int l.] Flexzone 7-L [Crompton/Uniroyal... 

The antiozonants, N-(l,3-di-methylbutyl)-N -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD) and the C7 and C5 alkyl-analogs were later introduced. In addition to their nse as antiozonants, p-phenylenediamines, primarily the more persistent mixed diaryl-derivatives, have replaced N-phenyl- 3-naphthylamine as antioxidants flex crack inhibitors and synthetic polymer antioxidant stabilizers. 

PPD is the highest volume antiozonant used today by the rubber industry. Millions of pounds of this antiozonant are used annually. It is of the alkyl aryl p-phenylene diamine class of antiozonant. Because of its solubility characteristics in compounds... 

Blends of petroleum waxes are commonly used as antiozonants in the rubber industry. Just as 6PPD gives excellent protection against ozone attack of the surface of the rubber under dynamic conditions, waxes will bloom to the surface of the rubber to impart excellent resistance to ozone attack under static conditions. The wax actually exudes (or blooms) to the surface of the rubber article to create a physical protective barrier to protect the rubber surface against ozone attack, which can create cracking of the rubber. 

Benzene is also used to make nitrobenzene, from which MDI is produced for polyurethane rubber use. Nitrobenzene is the feedstock for 4-ADPA, which is used to manufacture 6PPD, the largest volume antiozonant used by the rubber industry. Aniline, a key intermediate to numerous rubber chemicals, is derived from benzene through nitrobenzene. 

About 10% of all MIBK production goes to synthesize rubber chemicals. MIBK is used in the synthesis of 6PPD, the largest volume antiozonant made. 

The most common antiozonant from the class, A -alkyl-A -aryl-p-phenylenedia-mine, is A -(l,3-dimethylbutyl)-A -phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), and the ozonation mechanism reported in the literature for this class of antiozonant is shown on the following page in a simplified form. The antiozonant reacts with ozone. Step (1), and proceeds through the formation of an unstable intermediate which rearranges to... 

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