3T3-L1 adipocytes

Fatty Acid Transporters. Figure 2 Quencher-based real-time fatty acid uptake assay with a fluorescently labeled FFA analogue (C1-Bodipy-C12). Predominantly protein-mediated fatty acid uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes (diamonds) was compared with diffusion-driven uptake by fibroblasts (squares) using the QBT Fatty Acid Uptake reagent (Molecular Devices Corp., CA, USA), which contains C1-Bodipy-C12 as substrate in conjunction with a cell impermeable quencher. Uptake kinetics was recorded using a Gemini fluorescence plate reader. Error bars indicate the standard deviations from 12 independent wells. RFU relative fluorescence units. 

Weiland M, Brandenburg C, Brandenburg D et al (1990) Antagonistic effects of a covalently dimerized insulin derivative on insulin receptors in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 87 1154-1158... 

Shikonm stimulates glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via an insulin-independent tyrosine kinase pathway. Biochem. Biophys Res Commun. 292 (3) 642-51. 

Han, K. L., Jung, M. H., Sohn, J. H., and Hwang, J.-K. (2006). Ginsenoside 20(S)-protopanax-atriol (PPT) activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor y (PPARy) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29,110-113. 

WadaT, SasaokaT, Funaki M, Hoii H, Murakami S, Ishiki M, HarutaT, Asano T, Ogawa W, Ishihara H, Kobayashi M. 2001, Overexpression of SH2-containing inositol phosphatase 2 results in negative regulation of insulin-induced metabolic actions in 3T3-L1 adipocytes via its 5 -phosphatase catalytic activity. Mol. Cell. Biol. 21 1633-1646. 

M. S. Macauley, Y. He, T. M. Gloster, K. A. Stubbs, G. J. Davies, and D. J. Vocadlo, Inhibition of O-GlcNAcase using a potent and cell-permeable inhibitor does not induce insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Chem. Biol., 1 (2010) 937-948. 

It has been shown that fish oil can not only suppress proinflammatory mediators but also can increase the anti-inflammatory ones such as adiponectin (Duda et al., 2009 Kalupahana et al., 2010b). Increased adipo-nectin levels can reduce inflammation and beneficially improve the metabolism. Specifically, the increased levels of adiponectin can significantly reduce the insulin resistance. Oster et al. (2010) showed that DHA increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, possibly by a mechanism involving PPARy. A recent dietary intervention study conducted on healthy Japanese female subjects by Kondo et al. (2010) showed that a fish-based diet intervention increased the serum adiponectin concentration in young, nonobese, healthy Japanese female subjects. Also, the same study indicated that the increment in serum -3 PUFA may regulate the serum adiponectin concentration (Kondo et al., 2010). 

Oster, R. T., Tishinsky, J. M., Yuan, Z., and Robinson, L. E. (2010). Docosahexaenoic acid increases cellular adiponectin mRNA and secreted adiponectin protein, as well as PPARy mRNA, in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Appl. Physiol. Nutr. Metab. 35, 783-789. 

Sessler, A. M., Kaur, N., Palta, J. P., and Ntambi, J. M. (1996). Regulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 mRNA stability by polyunsaturated fatty acids in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. ]. Biol. Chem. 271, 29854-29858. 

Wang, Q. Bilan, P.J. Tsakiridis, T. Hinek, A. Klip, A. Actin filaments participate in the relocalization of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase to glucose transporter-containing compartments and in the stimulation of glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem. J., 331, 917-928 (1998)... 

Bazuine M, van den Broek PJ, Maassen JA. 2005. Genistein directly inhibits GLUT4-mediated glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 326 511-514. 

Bazuine M, Ouwens DM Gomes de Mesquita DS, Maassen JA. 2003. Arsenite stimulated glucose transport in 3T3-L1 adipocytes involves both Glut4 translocation and p38 MAPK activity. Eur J Biochem 270 3891-3903. 

Vanadate stimulates protein kinases in the cytosol, as demonstrated in adipose cells and extracts. The activation of a membrane and cytosolic protein tyrosine kinase have been demonstrated in adipocytes, and the membranous enzyme has been postulated to be a way to involve PI-3K actions without activation of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in the insulin signal transduction pathway [140], It is always difficult to determine if protein kinase activation is direct or the result of stimulation of a protein phosphatase. The fact that kinase stimulation was seen in isolated extracts after cell disintegration in this adipocyte cell system supports the idea that vanadium addition to cells could directly stimulate kinases via an as-yet-undetermined mechanism. In other experiments with 3T3-L1 adipocytes bis(acetylacetonato)oxovana-dium (IV) BMOV and bis(l-N-oxide-pyridine-2thiolato)oxovanadium (TV) caused increased tyrosine phosphorylation of both the insulin receptor and IRS-1 in a synergistic way with insulin, as measured by antibodies to phosphotyrosine residues [141]. 

Brautigan, D.L., A. Kruszewski, and H. Wang. 2006. Chromium and vanadate combination increases insulin-induced glucose uptake by 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 347 769-773. 

Choi, Y., Kim, Y-C., Han, Y-B., Park, Y., Pariza, M.W., Ntambi, J.M. 2000. The trans-10, dr-12 isomer of conjugated linoleic acid downregulates stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gene expression in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Nutr. 130, 1920-1924. 

Overexpression of catalytic subunit pllOalpha of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase increases glucose transport activity with translocation of glucose transporters in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J. Biol. Chem. 271 16987-16990. 

Vosseller K, Wells L, Lane MD, Hart GW. Elevated nucleocyto-plasmic glycosylation by O-GlcNAc results in insulin resistance associated with defects in Akt activation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2002 99 5313-5318. 

MacEiougald, O. A., Hwang, C.-S., Fan, H., and Lane, M- D. (1995). Regulated expression of the obese gene product (leptin) in white adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. PriTc. Natl- Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 92,9034-9037-... 

Harmon, A. and Patel, Y.M. 2003. Naringenin inhibits phosphoinositide 3-kinase activity and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Biochemistry Biophysics Research Community 305, 229-234. 

Moini, H. Urosh, O. Park, Y. C. Cho, K. J. Packer, L., R-alpha-lipoic acid action on cell redox status, the insulin receptor, and glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, Arch Biochem Biophys 2002, 397, 384-391... 

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