35S-labelling compounds

R Zoon, in Methods in Enzymology, Vol. 152, S. Berger and A Kimmel, Editors (1987), Academic Press (Orlando, FL), pp. 25-29 Safety with 32P- and 35S-Labeled Compounds ... 

Sulphur-35 resembles carbon-14 in many respects. It is a low-energy -emitter with half-life of 87 days. It is available as S04 at high specific activity and as elementary sulphur at lower activity. Many 35S-labelled compounds can be obtained commercially. 

Functionalized mercaptans and disulfides like 191, 2-mercapto-/V-[(4-phenyl-amino)phenyl]acetamide, 2,2,-dithiobis[vV-(4-phenylamino)phenyl]acetamide or 2-mercapto-4,6-bis(4-anilinophenyl)amino-I,3,5-triazine have been used to bind PD moieties into PO, EPDM or diene based rubbers via recombination of the respective thiyl and macroalkyl radicals generated mechanochemically [8, 295], The process was followed using 35S-labelled compounds. High level of binding of PD-moieties was found at 180°C with EPDM. The mode of the attachment of PD via sulfur atoms was confirmed using model compounds [295]. 

Studies have found that methyl parathion degrades more rapidly in anaerobic soil than in aerobic soils (Adhya et al. 1981, 1987 Brahmaprakash et al. 1987). An average half-life of 64 days was determined for nonflooded (aerobic) soils compared to an average half-life of 7 days in flooded (anaerobic) soils (Adhya et al. 1987). In experiments with " C-labeled methyl parathion, 35% of the labeled compound was recovered from nonflooded soil after 28 days, compared with 9% recovered from flooded soil (Brahmaprakash et al. 1987). 

Dixon et al. measured the emission into air, above an aqueous solution of the surface active compound, of soft / -rays of a 35S labelled soap. 

The kinetics of three chromium(VI) compounds, sodium chromate, zinc chromate, and lead chromate, were compared in rats in relation to their solubility. The rats received intratracheal injections of the 51chromium-labeled compounds (0.38 mg chromium(VI)/kg as sodium chromate, 0.36 mg chromium(VI)/kg as zinc chromate, or 0.21 mg chromium(VI)/kg as lead chromate). Peak blood levels of 51chromium were reached after 30 minutes for sodium chromate (0.35 pg chromium/mL), and 24 hours for zinc chromate (0.60 pg chromium/mL) and lead chromate (0.007 pg chromium/mL). At 30 minutes after administration, the lungs contained 36, 25, and 81% of the respective dose of the sodium, zinc, and lead chromate. On day 6, >80% of the dose of all three compounds had been cleared from the lungs, during which time the disappearance from lungs followed linear first-order kinetics. The residual amount left in the lungs on day 50 or 51 were 3.0, 3.9, and 13.9%, respectively. The results indicate that zinc... 

Estimated BCF value of C-labeled compound in bluegiU simfish (0.35 g initial weight) after 28 d [367b]. 

Deoxyribonucleotides (dATP, dTTP, dGTP, dCTP). Deoxyribonucleotides are the substrates of all DNA polymerases. The dideoxy method utilizes reactions, where the enz3une catalyzes polymerization of these nucleotides into new strands of DNA. The dATP that is used actually is not dATP, but a similar compotmd that is radioactive. This compound is sulfur-35-labeled dATP. Only the dATP is spiked with The other deoxyribonucleotides are not radioactive. 

The specific activity of a labeled compound must be high enough that sufficient radioactivity is incorporated into cellular molecules to be accurately detected. For example, methionine and cysteine labeled with sulfur-35 ( S) are widely used to label cellular proteins because preparations of these... 

Sulphur-containing compounds play a crucial role in the functioning of all living organisms. The transport of the simple 35S-labelled sulphates and their utilization by animals are discussed in this section. 

Incubation of embrionic calf liver with 35S-labelled sodium sulphite, sodium pyruvate and sodium glutamate at 38 °C under nitrogen resulted in formation of 35S-cysteinesulphinic acid133,134. 35S-hypotaurine has also been isolated, but taurine-35S and cystine-35S have not been found. In the presence of serine, the yield of 35S-cysteinesulphinic acid was smaller. Organic 35S compounds without amino groups have also been formed in the same experiment. In the conditions employed in this bioexperiment cysteinesulphinic acid is not reduced to cystine-3 5S, although such reduction was found possible in vivo. 

Fossing, H., Thode-Andersen, S. and Jorgensen, B.B., 1992. Sulfur isotope exchange between 35S-labeled inorganic sulfur compounds in anoxic marine sediments. Marine Chemistry, 38 117-132. 

Radioactive [35S]-phosphorothioates have been used for in vivo evaluation of chronic or cumulative toxicity of oligonucleotides. To achieve site-specific 35S-labeling in phosphoramidite chemistry, either a mixture of [35S]/carbon disulfide/pyridine/triethylamine [329] or 35S-la-beled Beaucage reagent [330] have been used in the sulfurization step. 3H- and 14C-labeled compounds have been tools in investigations of the metabolic fate of the nucleobases of an oligomer [331]. 3H may be inserted at the 5 -end by formation of the 5 -carboxyaldehyde by Mofatt-Pfitzner reagent, followed by reduction with [3H]-sodium borohydride in 2-propanol... 

Antoni and Langstrom have recently reported the synthesis of carbon-11 labelled vinyl cyanides from H CN. This provides useful synthons because vinyl chlorides can undergo Michael additions to give a wide variety of carbon-11 labelled compounds. The carbon-11 labelled vinyl and cinnamyl cyanides have been prepared in 35% yield and greater than 99% radiochemical purity in 3 minutes by reacting CN with the appropriate bromide in the presence of a palladium catalyst and 18-crown-6 ether in acetonitrile (equation 71). 

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