Zirconium oxide chloride

Hydroxyl Compounds. The aqueous chemistry of zirconium is complex, and in the past its understanding was compHcated by differing interpretations. In a study of zirconium oxide chloride and zirconium oxide bromide, the polymeric cation [Zr4(OH)g (H20)jg was identified (189) the earlier postulated moiety [Zr=0] was discarded. In the tetramer, the zirconium atoms are coimected by double hydroxyl bridges (shown without the coordinating water molecules) ... 

Anhydrous zirconium oxide chloride, ZrOCl2 [7699-43-6] has been prepared by the reaction of dichlorine oxide with a zirconium tetrachloride suspension in carbon tetrachloride starting at —30° C and slowly rising to room temperature. The white soHd is extremely hygroscopic and decomposes to ZrCl and Zr02 at 250°C (200). 

Although zirconium phosphate is insoluble in acids, it is easily hydrolyzed in excess caustic to give hydrous zirconium oxide. Zirconium phosphate forms soluble complexes with a large excess of zirconium oxide chloride, and therefore separation of phosphoms from zirconium oxide chloride solutions is difficult (215). 

Zirconium Oxide Chloride Zirconium Oxychloride Zirconium Oxychloride Hydrate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Sulfate Tetrahydrate Zirconyl Chloride... 

Ethyl-Zirconium Oxychloride — (i) Chemical Designations — Synonyms Basic Zirconium Chloride Zirconium Oxide Chloride Zirconium Oxychloride Hydrate Zirconyl Chloride Chemical Formula ZrOCl2 8H2O... 

Z1O2 Zirconium oxide chloride/PVP Water/ethanol [145]... 

In the initial thiocyanate-complex Hquid—Hquid extraction process (42,43), the thiocyanate complexes of hafnium and zirconium were extracted with ether from a dilute sulfuric acid solution of zirconium and hafnium to obtain hafnium. This process was modified in 1949—1950 by an Oak Ridge team and is stiH used in the United States. A solution of thiocyanic acid in methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK) is used to extract hafnium preferentially from a concentrated zirconium—hafnium oxide chloride solution which also contains thiocyanic acid. The separated metals are recovered by precipitation as basic zirconium sulfate and hydrous hafnium oxide, respectively, and calcined to the oxide (44,45). This process is used by Teledyne Wah Chang Albany Corporation and Western Zirconium Division of Westinghouse, and was used by Carbomndum Metals Company, Reactive Metals Inc., AMAX Specialty Metals, Toyo Zirconium in Japan, and Pechiney Ugine Kuhlmann in France. 

Chelated complexes such as sodium zirconium lactate [15529-67-6] or ammonium zirconium carbonate [22829-17-0] and acidic forms such as zirconium hydroxy oxide chloride [18428-88-1] have been used in preparations in deodorants or for treatment for poison oak and poison ivy dermatitis. In such occasions, when the skin had been cut or abraded, a few users developed granulomas which have been identified as a delayed hypersensitivity to zirconium (99). These may take several weeks to develop, and commonly persist for 6 months to over a year. 

Zirconium tetrachloride, ZrCl, is prepared by a variety of anhydrous chlorination procedures. The reaction of chlorine or hydrogen chloride with zirconium metal above 300°C, or phosgene or carbon tetrachloride on zirconium oxide above 450°C, or chlorine on an intimate mixture of zirconium oxide and carbon above 700°C are commonly used. 

Oxide Chlorides. Zirconium oxide dichloride, ZrOCl2 -8H2 0 [13520-92-8] commonly called zirconium oxychloride, is really a hydroxyl chloride, [Zr4(OH)g T6H2 0]Clg T2H2O (189). Zirconium oxychloride is produced commercially by caustic fusion of zircon, followed by water washing to remove sodium siUcate and to hydrolyze the sodium zirconate the wet filter pulp is dissolved in hot hydrochloric acid, and ZrOCl2 -8H2 O is recovered from the solution by crystallization. An aqueous solution is also produced by the dissolution and hydrolysis of zirconium tetrachloride in water, or by the addition of hydrochloric acid to zirconium carbonate. 

Zirconium oxychloride is an important intermediate from which other zirconium chemicals are produced. It readily effloresces, and hydrates with 5—7 H2O are common. The salt caimot be dried to the anhydrous form, and decomposes to hydrogen chloride and zirconium oxide. 

Dissolve 1 g zirconium(IV) oxide chloride octahydrate (zirconyl chloride) in 50 ml methanol. 

Due to the above requirements, typical optically-transparent materials, such as oxides (glass, quartz, alumina, zirconium oxide etc.) and halides (sodium chloride, lithium fluoride, calcium fluoride, potassium bromide, cesium bromide etc.) are usually unsuitable for use with fluoride melts. Therefore, no standard procedure exists at present for the spectral investigation of fluoride melts, and an original apparatus must be created especially for each particular case. 

Spray solution Dissolve 2 to 25 g zirconium(IV) oxide chloride octahydrate in 100 ml methanol [1], ethanol — water (55 + 15) [5] or water [4]. 

Early attempts by Asinger to enlarge the scope of hydroalumination by the use of transition metal catalysts included the conversion of mixtures of isomeric linear alkenes into linear alcohols by hydroalumination with BU3AI or BU2AIH at temperatures as high as 110°C and subsequent oxidation of the formed organoaluminum compounds [12]. Simple transition metal salts were used as catalysts, including tita-nium(IV) and zirconium(IV) chlorides and oxochlorides. The role of the transition metal in these reactions is likely limited to the isomerization of internal alkenes to terminal ones since no catalyst is required for the hydroalumination of a terminal alkene under these reaction conditions. 

Iodoform Iodomethane Iron disulfide Isothiourea Ketones Lactonitrile Lead Acetone, lithium, mercury(II) oxide, mercury(I) chloride, silver nitrate Silver chlorite, sodium Water, powdered pyrites Acrylaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid Aldehydes, nitric acid, perchloric acid Oxidizing materials Ammonium nitrate, chlorine trifluoride, hydrogen peroxide, sodium azide and carbide, zirconium, oxidants... 

For the formation of ethyl chloride using a catalyst of zirconium oxide on silica gel in the presence of inert methane, data were taken of the rate, lbmol/(h)(lb catalyst), and partial pressures of the participants in atm. Temperature was 350 F. The equilibrium constant is 35. 

If necessary a preconcentration was carried out on this solution to lower the detection limits of the method. Preconcentration was achieved by a method involving co-precipitation of the antimony with hydrous zirconium oxide in which the digest is stirred with 150mg zirconyl chloride and the pH adjusted to 5 with ammonia to coprecipitate antimony and hydrous zirconium oxide. The isolated precipitate is dissolved is 7M hydrochloric acid and 30% sulphuric acid. Antimony is then converted to the pentavalent state by successive treatment with titanium III chloride and sodium nitrite and excess nitrite destroyed by urea. 

The crude tetrachloride mixture of zirconium and hafnium is dissolved in ammonium thiocyanate solution. The solution is extracted with methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK). MIBK is passed countercurrent to aqueous mixture of tetrachloride in the extraction column. Halhium is preferentially extracted into MIBK leaving zirconium in the aqueous phase. Simultaneously, zirconium tetrachloride oxidizes to zirconyl chloride, ZrOCb. When sulfuric acid is added to aqueous solution of zirconyl chloride, the chloride precipitates as a basic zirconium sulfate. On treatment with ammonia solution the basic sulfate is converted into zirconium hydroxide, Zr(OH)4. Zirconium hydroxide is washed, dried, and calcined to form zirconium oxide, Zr02. 

Zirconium Carbide Zirconium Hydride Zirconium Hydroxide Zirconium Nitrate Zirconium Oxide Zirconium Silicate Zirconium Sulfate Zirconium Tetrachloride Zirconyl Chloride Chemical Substances Index CAS Registry Number Index... 

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