Zirconium chloride, anhydrous

Octammino-zirconium Tetrachloride, [Zr(NH3)3]Cl4, is produced by passing ammonia gas into an ethereal suspension of zirconium chloride, or by passing dry ammonia gas over anhydrous zirconium... 

Triphenylsilyl zirconium and hafnium derivatives have been prepared from the silyl lithium species. Triphenylsilyl bis(cyclopentadienyl) zirconium chloride undergoes carbonyl insertion under pressure of carbon monoxide (100 psi) to give the corresponding acyl zirconium species which, upon treatment with anhydrous hydrogen chloride in a benzene matrix at —196 °C and warming to room temperature, gives rise to formyl triphenylsilane55. 

AR grade acetic anhydride, dodecatugstophasphoric acid-a heteropolyacid (HPA), zirconium oxychloride, anhydrous aluminium chloride, sodium carbonate and ammonium sulphate were obtained from s.d.Fine Chem. Ltd, Mumbai. 2-MON (yarayara) was obtained from Aerofine Industries Ltd, Mumbai. Amberlyst-15 was procured from Rohm and Huss, USA., and Indion-130 from Ion Exchange (India) Ltd. These catalysts were used as such. Zeolites ZSM-5, Y and Mordenite were obtained from M/s Associated Cement Company (ACC), India. Commercially available acid treated KIO montmorillonite clay was obtained from Fluka. SWy-2 (Wyoming Na -montmorillonite) was obtained from Clay Minerals Society, Source Clay Minerals Repository, Missouri University, Columbia, USA. 

The alkylation of paraSins with olefins to yield higher molecular weight branched-chain paraffins may be carried out thermally or catalyt-ically. The catalysts for the reaction fall into two principal classes, both of which may be referred to as acid-acting catalysts (1) anhydrous halides of the Friedel-Crafts type and (2) acids. Representatives of the first type are aluminum chloride, aluminum bromide, zirconium chloride, and boron fluoride gaseous hydrogen halides serve as promoters for these catalysts. The chief acid catalysts are concentrated sulfuric acid and liquid hydrogen fluoride. Catalytic alkylations are carried out under sufficient pressure to keep at least part of the reactants in the liquid phase. 

Tetrabutyl titanate Tetraisopropyl titanate p-Toluene sulfonic acid Trifluoromethane sulfonic acid Xylene sulfonic acid Zirconium butoxide catalyst, esterification reactions Chlorosulfuric acid catalyst, esterifying plasticizers Stannous chloride anhydrous catalyst, esterifying polyesters Stannous chloride anhydrous... 

Aluminum bromohydrate Aluminum chloride anhydrous Aluminum chlorohydrate Aluminum citrate Aluminum dichlorohydrate Aluminum phenolsulfonate Aluminum sesquichlorohydrate Aluminum sulfate Aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrate Aluminum zirconium octachlorohydrex GLY Aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrate Aluminum zirconium pentachlorohydrex GLY Aluminum/zirconium tetrachlorohydrate Aluminum zirconium tetrachlorohydrex GLY Aluminum zirconium trichlorohydrate Aluminum/zirconium trichlorohydrex GLY Ammonium phenolsulfonate Cetyl pyridinium chloride Chlorothymol Cloflucarban Farnesol Lapyrium chloride Lichen (Usnea barbata) extract Linalool Methylbenzethonium chloride Phenethyl alcohol Phenol 2-Phenylethyl acetate Potassium alum anhydrous Quaternium-18 methosulfate Sodium aluminum chlorohydroxy lactate Sodium phenolsulfonate Steapyrium... 

Zirconium tetrachloride, ZrCl, is prepared by a variety of anhydrous chlorination procedures. The reaction of chlorine or hydrogen chloride with zirconium metal above 300°C, or phosgene or carbon tetrachloride on zirconium oxide above 450°C, or chlorine on an intimate mixture of zirconium oxide and carbon above 700°C are commonly used. 

Zirconium oxychloride is an important intermediate from which other zirconium chemicals are produced. It readily effloresces, and hydrates with 5—7 H2O are common. The salt caimot be dried to the anhydrous form, and decomposes to hydrogen chloride and zirconium oxide. 

Anhydrous zirconium oxide chloride, ZrOCl2 [7699-43-6] has been prepared by the reaction of dichlorine oxide with a zirconium tetrachloride suspension in carbon tetrachloride starting at —30° C and slowly rising to room temperature. The white soHd is extremely hygroscopic and decomposes to ZrCl and Zr02 at 250°C (200). 

Thirteen milliliters (0.127 mole) of 2,4-pentanedione is added dropwise to a slurry of 9.00 g. (0.0386 mole) of anhydrous zirconium(IV) chloride in 100 ml. of refluxing benzene. After a 4-hour reaction time, the condenser is removed to allow about half of the solvent to boil away, and then hot hexane is added to the clear, pale yellow solution until turbidity appears. The nitrogen flow is maintained throughout the entire operation. The flask is then stoppered and cooled in an ice bath. The yield of colorless, prismatic crystals is 15.6 g. (95%). The product is recrystallized twice from benzene-hexane as described in Sec. A, washed with two 50-ml. portions of hexane, and finally dried in vacuo at 80°C. for half an hour. (The checkers obtained about 7 g. of purified product.) Anal. Calcd. for Zr(C H702)sCl C, 42.49 H, 4.99 Cl, 8.36 Zr, 21.51. Found C, 42.26 H, 5.00 Cl, 8.36 Zr, 21.82. 

Treatment of a mixture of a carbonyl compound and 1,2-ethanedithiol in dry dichloromethane at room temperature with anhydrous zirconium(iv) chloride dispersed on silica gel gave excellent yields (96-99%) of the respective 1,3-dithiolanes. The high reactivity of this reagent was also observed in the case of less reactive aromatic ketones at room temperature and a,(3-unsaturated aldehydes such as cinnamaldehyde 556 (Equation 74) <1996TL4621>. 

The general area of anhydrous metal nitrates has been surveyed by Addison (10). The anhydrous tetranitrate has been prepared (176) by the reaction of dinitrogen pentoxide on zirconium tetrachloride at 30°C. Nitryl chloride is evolved and an initial product of composition Zr(NO3)4-0.4N2O5 0.6N2O4 is obtained. The nitrogen oxides can be... 

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