Zinc/silver oxide primary batteries electrolytes

The Zn negative electrode material, or anode, and electrolyte solution are similar to other primary alkaline battery types, like zinc-air and zinc-silver oxide (Zn/ Ag20). Zinc powder is mixed with a gelling agent like polyacrylic acid and a KOH-Zn0-H20 electrolyte. 

The more familiar types of primary alkaline systems are the zinc/manganese dioxide, zinc/ mercuric oxide, and zinc/silver oxide batteries. These, typically, use potassium or sodium hydroxides, in concentrations from 25 to 40% hy weight, as the electrolyte, which functions primarily as an ionic conductor and is not consumed in the discharge process. In simple form, the overall discharge reaction for these metal oxide cells can be stated as... 

The electrochemical reactions associated with the discharge of a zinc/silver oxide battery as a primary system are generally considered to proceed as follows. The cathode or positive electrode is silver oxide and may be either Ag20 (monovalent), AgO (divalent), or a mixture of the two. The anode or negative electrode is metallic zinc, and the electrolyte is an aqueous solution of potassium hydroxide. The chemical reactions and the associated voltages at standard conditions are... 

ANSI C18.1M, Part 1 Standard for Portable Primary CeUs and Batteries with Aqueous Electrolyte Zinc-carbon Alkaline-manganese dioxide Silver oxide Zinc/air... 

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