Zigmond

Zigmond, 1988). The ATP-hydrolysis that accompanies actin polymerization, ATP —> ADP + Pj, and the subsequent release of the cleaved phosphate (Pj) are believed to act as a clock (Pollard et ah, 1992 Allen et ah, 1996), altering in a time-dependent manner the mechanical properties of the filament and its propensity to depolymerize. Molecular dynamics simulations suggested a so-called back door mechanism for the hydrolysis reaction ATP ADP - - Pj in which ATP enters the actin from one side, ADP leaves from the same side, but Pj leaves from the opposite side, the back door (Wriggers and Schulten, 1997b). This hypothesis can explain the effect of the toxin phalloidin which blocks the exit of the putative back door pathway and, thereby, delays Pi release as observed experimentally (Dancker and Hess, 1990). 

Redmond, T., Zigmond, S.H. (1993). Distribution of F-actin elongation sites in lysed polymorphonuclear leukocytes parallels the distribution of endogenous F-actin. Cell Mot. Cytoskel. 26, 7-28. 

The first clue to the processes which normally regulate TH activity came from experiments showing that electrical stimulation of sympathetic neurons increased the affinity of this enzyme for its co-factor and reduced its affinity for noradrenaline (for detailed reviews of this topic see Zigmond, Schwarzschild and Rittenhouse 1989 Fillenz 1993 Kaufman 1995 Kumar and Vrana 1996). Several lines of investigation showed that activation of TH was in fact paralleled by its phosphorylation and it was this process that accounted for the changes in the enzyme s kinetics (Table 8.2). 

Starke, K (1987) Presynaptic a-autoreceptors. Rev. Physiol. Biochem. Pharmacol. 107 73-146. Zhong, H and Minneman, KP (1999) i-Adrenoceptor subtypes Eur. J. Pharmacol. 375 261-276. Zigmond, RE, Schwarzschild, MA and Rittenhouse, AR (1989) Acute regulation of tyrosine hydroxylase by nerve activity and by neurotransmitters via phosphorylation. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 12 451-461. 

Berman, S.B., Zigmond, M.J., Hastings, T.G. Modification of dopamine transporter function effect of reactive oxygen species and dopamine. J. Neurochem. 67 593, 1996. 

Zigmond, M.J., Abercrombie, E.D., Berger, T.W., Grace, A.A., and Strieker, E.M., Compensations after lesions of central dopaminergic neurons some clinical and basic implications, Trends Neurosci. 13(7), 290-296, 1990. 

Takasu, M. A., Dalva, M. B., Zigmond, R. E. etal. Modulation of NMDA receptor-dependent calcium influx and gene expression through EphB receptors. Science 295 491-495, 2002. 

Abercrombie E, Zigmond M. 1995. Pharmacology the fourth generation of progress. Raven New York 355-361. 

Cassimeris, L. and Zigmond, S. H. (1990) Chemoattractant stimulation of polymorphonuclear leukocyte locomotion. Sem. Cell Biol. 1, 125-134. 

Direct-viewing chemot-axis chamber (Dunn, Zigmond, Insall)... 

Zigmond SH (1977) Ability of polyrnorpho-nuclear leukocytes to orient in gradients of chemotactic factors. J Cell Biol 75 606-616... 

The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) is a 14-item self-report scale that was developed originally to indicate the possible presence of anxiety and depressive states in the setting of medical outpatients between 16 and 65 years (Zigmond and Snaith, 1983). The HADS is widely utilized in clinical trials of treatment of comorbid depression and/or anxiety symptoms in somatic disorders (stroke, cardiac disease, cancer, etc.). 

Zigmond, A.S., Snaith, R.P. The hospital anxiety and depression scale. Acta Psvckiatr. Scand. 67, 361-370, 1983. 

J. Zigmond. 1989. "Differential Effect of Stress on In-Vivo Dopamine Release in Striatum, Nucleus Accumbcns, and Medial Frontal Cortex." journal of Neurochemistry 52 1655-58. 

Hobson, J. Allan. Consciousness. New York Scientific American Library, 1989. Hobson, J. Allan. Sleep and dreaming. In M. J. Zigmond and F. E. Bloom (eds.). Fundamental Neuroscience. New York Academic Press, 1998. 

Gresch PJ, Sved AF, Zigmond MJ, Finlay JM (1995) Local influence of endogenous norepinephrine on extracellular dopamine in rat medial prefrontal cortex. J. Neurochem. 65 111-116. 

Hastings TG, Lewis DA, Zigmond MJ (1996) Role of oxidation in the neurotoxic effects of intrastriatal dopamine injections. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 1956-1961. 

Onn SP, Berger TW, Strieker EM, Zigmond MJ (1986) Effects of intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine on the dopaminergic innervation of striatum histochemical and neurochemical analysis. Brain Res 376 8-19. 

Shadiack AM, Sun Y, Zigmond RE (2001) Nerve growth factor antiserum induces axotomy-like changes in neuropeptide expression in intact sympathetic and sensory neurons. J Neurosci 27 363-371. 

Zigmond MJ, Acheson AL, Stachowiak MK, Strieker EM (1984) Neurochemical compensation after nigrostriatal bundle injury in an animal model of preclinical parkinsonism. Arch Neurol 7 856-861. 

Zigmond RE (2001) Can galanin also be considered as growth-associated protein 3.2 Trends Neurosci 24 494-496 discussion 496. 

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