Zero-mode waveguides

Levene, M.J., J. Korlach, S.W. Turner, M. Foquet, H.G. Craighead, and W.W. Webb. 2003. Zero-mode waveguides for single-molecule analysis at high concentrations. Science 299 682-686. 

SMRT sequencer is a variation on SBS using a sequencing chip containing thousands of zero-mode waveguide (ZMW) detectors each with a single DNA polymerase attached at the bottom of its detection zone. First, fluorescent markers specific to each type of dNTP are attached to terminal phosphates. Next the sequencing reaction is initiated, and each labeled dNTP to be incorporated diffuses into the vicinity of the DNA polymerase within the... 

Korlach, J., Marks, P.J., Cicero, R.L., Gray, J.J., Murphy, D.L., Roitman, D.B., Pham, T.T., Otto, G.A., Foquet, M., and Turner, S.W (2008). Selective aluminum passivation for targeted immobilization of single DNA polymerase molecules in zero-mode waveguide nanostructures. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 105 1176-1181. 

Samiee, K. T., Foquet, M., Guo, L., Cox, E. C., and Craighead, H. G. (2005). Lambda repressor oligomerization kinetics at high concentrations using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy in zero-mode waveguides. Biophys. J. 88 2145-2153. 

Fluorescently labeled substrate molecules, such as ATP or dNTP, which require either low substrate concentrations [22] or zero-mode waveguide to suppress [23]... 

Samiee KT, Moran-Mirabal JM, Cheung YK, Craighead HG (2006) Zero mode waveguides for single-molecule spectroscopy on lipid membranes. Biophys J 90 3288-3299... 

Levene, M. J. Korlach, J. Turner, S. W. Foquet, M. Craighead, H. G. Webb, W. W. Zero-Mode Waveguides for Single-Molecule Analysis at High Concentrations. Science 2003,299,682-686. 

P plasmonics applications (zero-mode waveguides). C) Embedded electrode design for gating... 

The active DNA polymerase is attached to the bottom of a zero-mode waveguide (ZMW), which is a tiny cylindrical hole in a 100 nm metal film, creating a visualization chamber capable of focusing light into the lower region of a very small volume (20 zeptoliters = 10" L). A single DNA polymerase... 

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