Zanthoxylum

Variation within a species was examined by looking at the chemistry of Z. dipetalum specimens collected from sites on three islands, Hawaii, Kauai, and Oahu. Of the seven compounds detected in this comparison, only two, caryophyl-lene [542] and humulene [543] (see Fig. 6.5 for structures 542-546), were present in all individuals. Trees from a site on Oahu were unique in their possession of 

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It is of interest in this connection to note that the conversion of tetrahydroberberine into an anhydro-base of type E (p. 337) represents transformation from the berberine to the cryptopine type (p. 295), and that a-canadine methochloride occurs in Zanthoxylum brachyacanihum with its cryptopine analogue, y-homochelidonine ( -aiiocryptopine, p. 301). 

Zanthoxylum budrunga. From the bark Khastagir isolated two alkaoids, budrugaine, which chars above 180° but does not melt, and budrugainine, m.p. 133° (Curr. Sci., 1947, 16, 185 Chem. Abstr., 1948, 42, 326.)... 

Xanthaline. See Papaveraldine. a- and yJ-Xantherines, 330 Xanthopicrit, 331 Xanthorrhiza apiifolia, 328 Xanthoxylon. See Zanthoxylum. Xatine, 770... 

Zahn-wasser, n. tooth wash, dental lotion, -weh, n. toothache. -weWiolz, n, prickly ash Zanthoxylum). -weinstein, m. tartar (on the teeth), -werk, n. gearing, -zement, m. dental cement. 

Arslanian, R. L., Mondragon, B., Stermitz, F. R. and Marr, K. L. 1990. Acyl histamines and a rare protopine type alkaloid from leaves of Zanthoxylum dipetalum. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 18 345-347. 

Marr, K. L. and Tang, C. S. 1992. Volatile insecticidal compounds and chemical variability of Hawaiian Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) species. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 20 209-217. 

Fagaronine and nitidine from Zanthoxylum species represent two of the more potent antitumor benzo[c]phenanthridines of Rutaceae. Both of these alkaloids have been shown to inhibit the enzymatic activity of topoisomerase in a way similar to camptothecin (28,29). It would be interesting to learn whether further study on Z. ailanthoid.es Sieb. Zucc. discloses any benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid of anti-neoplastic value. 

Zanthoxylum. piperitum (L.) DC., or Japanese peppercorn, Japanese pepper tree, Sichuan pepper, hajikami, sanshou (Japanese), shu chiao, ch uan chiao, or nan chiao... 

Ko FN, Chen IS, Wu SJ, Lee LG, Haung TF, Teng CM. Antiplatelet effects of chel-erythrine chloride isolated from Zanthoxylum simulans. Biochim Biophys Acta 1990 1052 360-365. 

Paik SY, Koh KH, Beak SM, Paek SH, Kim JA. The essential oils from Zanthoxylum schinifolium pericarp induce apoptosis of HepG2 human hepatoma cells through increased production of reactive oxygen species. Biol Pharm Bull 2005 28 802-807. 

Katayama T, Masaoka T, Yamada H (1997) Biosynthesis and stereochemistry of lig-nans in Zanthoxylum ailanthoides 1. (-l-)-Lariciresinol formation by enzymatic reduction of ( )-pinoresinols. Mokuzai Gakkaishi 43 580-588... 

Kusuda M, Inada K, Ogawa TO, Yoshida T, Shiota T, Shiota S, Tsuchiya T, Hatano T. (2006) Polyphenolic constituents structures of Zanthoxylum piper-itum fruit and the antibacterial effects of its polymeric procyanidin on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 70 1423-1431. 

Rao KV, Davies R, The ichthyotoxic principles of Zanthoxylum clava-herculis, J Nat Prod AS-MO-Hl, 1986. 

Chen, J.-J., Fang, H.-Y., Duh, Ch.-Y. and Chen, I.-S. 2005. New indolopyrido-quinazoline, benzophenanthridines and cytotoxic constiments from Zanthoxylum integrifolium. Planta Medica, 71 470 75. 

Sheen, W.-S., Tsai, I.-L., Teng, C.-M., Ko, F.-N. and Chen, I.-S. 1996. Indolopy-ridoquinazoline alkaloids with antiplatelet aggregation activity from Zanthoxylum integrifolium. Planta Medica, 62 175-176. 

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