Yttrium garnets

Gadolinium yttrium garnets are used in microwave applications and gadolinium compounds are used as phosphors in color television sets. 

Special gadolinium minerals called yttrium garnets are used in microwave ovens. IMAGE COPYRIGHT 2009, TEREKHOV IGOR. USED UNDER LICENSE FROM SHUTTERSTOCK.COM. 

Use Neodymium salts, electronics, alloys, colored glass, (especially in astronomical lenses and lasers), to increase heat resistance of magnesium, metallurgical research, yttrium-garnet laser dope, gas scavenger in iron and steel manufacture. 

Pappalardo (1961) measured the d—d spectrum of Cu(ll) doped in Zno, and interpreted the results in terms of a trigonally-distorted tetrahedral chromophore. Weakliem (1962) and Dietz et al. (1963) have further investigated this system. Pappalardo (1961) also measured the spectrum of Cu(II) doped into yttrium garnets the results indicated that an appreciable proportion of the copper atoms were in tetrahedral sites. 

Substituted YIGs have been prepared by sol-gel methods (Matsumoto, Yamaguchi Fujii, 1991), with a solution of nitrates as the initial sol. The gel reaction was promoted by adding a small amount of ethylene glycol. After evaporation of the alcohol at 80 °C, the dry gels were heated at 110 °C in air to eliminate NO, and calcined at various temperatures up to 900 °C. Formation of YIG and Bi-substituted yttrium garnet, Bi,Yi, tFe50i2 (with x < 1.7), was noticeable for T > 700°C for the latter, synthesis temperature tended to decrease with Bi content. 

Li X, Li Q, Wang J, Yang S, Liu H (2007) Synthesis of Nd doped nano-crystalline yttrium garnet(YAG) powders leading to transparent ceramic. Opt Mater 29 528... 

The yttrium garnets have a number of distinctive features that set them apart from the rest of the rare earth garnets in each series. The frequencies for YAG at 378, 332, 292, 220 cm" are higher than the other frequencies in the RAG series (table 29.18). In the low frequency region the 93 cm" band is missing from the... 

Magnetic nanoparticles showing Faraday rotation effect, and/or Kerr effect can be of interest in the fabrication of switches and devices. Size dependant transmittance and Faraday rotation have been found in maghemite ferrofluids and ferrite films." Multilayered assemblies of yttrium garnet nanoparticles show magnetization-induced second harmonic generation (Kerr effect)." In metal/PMMA nanocomposites, the main absorption band narrows and additional peaks appear when decreasing the particle size." ... 

Hydrolysis of metal alkoxides. It is used in the synthesis of garnets. A typical procedure to prepared yttrium garnet (YIG) nanoparticles can be mixing iron ethoxide andytfrium butoxide in a 5 3 molar ratio, and then hydrolyzing with an excess of water. It results in amorphous YIG nanoparticles that yield crystalline YIG after heating at 650-700"C. 

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