Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet

Solid-state lasers, such as the ruby laser, neodymium doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd-YAG) laser and the titanium doped sapphire laser. 

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Laser Ablation [7]. The modern method for quantitative solid analyses is carried out using a laser ablation technique (Figure 2.16). The laser, usually in the form of Nd YAG (Neodymium - Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet), is focused on to the surface of a sample which, by continuous pulsing, leads to vaporisation at that point and the vapour is transported directly to the plasma with argon for detection and quantification. Detection limits are... 

Laser based on neodymium-doped yttrium-aluminium garnet. The emission wavelength is 1,064 nm, the power can be up to several tens of W. Mode-synchronisation delivers picosecond pulses at a repetition rate of 50 to 100 MHz. 

For all their usefulness, gas lasers are very inefficient lasers, with normally much less than 0.1 per cent conversion of electrical energy into laser light. A very widely used solid-state laser material is Nd YAG (and various similar doping/host material combinations). The abbreviation Nd YAG stands for neodymium atoms (Nd) being implanted in an yttrium aluminium garnet crystal host (Y3AI5O12). These implants, in the form of triply ionized neodymium Nd, form the actual active laser medium. 

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