Yttrium chloride anhydrous

The thermal decomposition of yttrium chloride hexahydrate in the presence of ammonium chloride has been studied. The dehydration of yttrium chloride monohydrate mixed with ammonium chloride was found to proceed at a lower temperature than the dehydration of the hexahydrate. The thermal decomposition of yttrium chloride hexahydrate in hydrogen chloride gave the penta-, tetra-, tri-, di-, and mono-hydrates of yttrium chloride and the anhydrous salts. In other media (air, vacuo) the dehydration of crystalline lower hydrates was accompanied by hydrolysis of the chloride and successive formation of Y(OH)Cl2, Y(OH)2Cl, and YOCl. The thermal stability of yttrium sulphate between 20 and 1500°C has been investigated. A thermographic and thermogravimetric study of the transformation of yttrium carbonate tetrahydrate by dehydration and thermal decomposition showed that residual water was only lost on decomposition. ... 

Nolting, H.J., C.R. Simmons, and J.J. Klingenberg, 1960, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem. 14, 208. Yttrium prepared by lithium reduction of anhydrous yttrium chloride prepared from yttrium oxide claim 99.8% purity but, in fact, contained <2372 ppm impurity including 1700 ppm non-metallic. (500 kg load, 10 mm indenter). 

Hproblems associated with all the trihalides of this review of the presence of small amounts of hydrates or oxochlorides. While on the matter of possible impurities, it may be recalled that in Bommer and Hohmann s early work there is a discrepancy between enthalpies of solution of anhydrous trichlorides and of respective metals in hydrochloric acid. Here the more likely impurity to be responsible is unreacted potassium metal in the lanthanide metal used in the hydrochloric acid dissolution experiments. 

The synthesis of the corresponding organolanthanide chlorides was performed by transmetallation of the dilithium salt with anhydrous lutetium or yttrium trichloride. Metallocene dichloro complexes [(/ ,Y)-Me2Si(C5H3But)((+)- -Men-Cp)]Ln(/r-Cl2)Li(OEt2)2 (Ln = Y, Lu) were synthesized by treatment of the corresponding lanthanide trichlorides with the dilithium salt of the ligand and isolated isomerically pure by crystallization from diethyl ether (Scheme 162).650... 

The halogenides and nitrates of the rare earth elements and yttrium are very soluble in water. Various hydrates may be obtained by evaporation of the solutions until they crystallize when cooled. The nitrates are decomposed to the oxides by ignition, but the hydrated chlorides melt and hydrolyze when ignited and basic chlorides such as LaOCl are formed. The very useful anhydrous chlorides are prepared by the careful heating of hydrated chlorides with excess ammonium chloride. ... 

Tetrakis(hexafluoroisopropoxides) of titanium, zirconium, and hafnium have been prepared by the reaction of sodium hexafluoroisopropoxide in an excess of hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol with the anhydrous metal chloride, and the spectroscopic properties are reported. The authors note that, in their experience, application to the Group IV transition metals of the previously published method for metal hexafluoroisopropoxide synthesis gives poor yields of material containing metal, fluorinated alkoxides, and co-ordinated ammonia. Dehydration of the hydrated metal chloride with methyl orthoformate and addition of hexafluoroisopropyl alcohol, followed by passage of dry ammonia through the solution, gives satisfactory yields for yttrium, lanthanum, neodymium, and erbium. 

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