Yersinia infections

Yersinia enterocolitica Infection with Y. enterocolitica or Y pseudotuberculosis, together with haematogenous spread, may lead to a septic-typhoid course with hepatic and splenic abscess formation. Especially ulcerative colitis was frequently found to favour the formation of multiple liver abscesses. A genetic disposition is assumed in the presence of the HLA-B 27 gene. Patients with hepatic overload of iron are at special risk of Yersinia infection, since iron plays a major role in the metabolism of Yersinia. (18, 23, 28, 31, 32)... 

Pierron H, Gillet R, Perrimond H, Broudeur JC, Soudry G. Yersiniose et dyshemoglobinose. A propos de 4 observations. [Yersinia infection and hemoglobin disorder.Apropos of 4 cases.] Pediatrie 1990 45(6) 379-82. 

Butler T. Plague and Other Yersinia Infections. New York, NY Plenum Press 1983. 

Main side effects Local reactions, auditory, retina, allergy, bone abnormalities, Yersinia infection Gastrointestinal (GI), neutropenia/ agranulocytosis, arthralgia, Uver enzyme rise, zinc deficiency GI, rash, renal, Uver... 

The bacterial species most commonly associated with GI infection and infectious diarrhea in the United States are Shigella spp., Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp., Yersinia spp., Escherichia spp., Clostridium spp., and Staphylococcus spp. 

Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. pseudotuberculosis are associated with intestinal infection. The organisms have been isolated from a variety of food sources, including raw goat and cow milk. 

Yersinia pestis Inhalation, bite of infected flea Incubation period 2—10 days... 

Mantle, M., and Husar, S. D. (1994). Binding of Yersinia enterocolitica to purified, native small intestinal mucins from rabbits and humans involves interactions with the mucin carbohydrate moiety. Infect. Immun. 62,1219-1227. 

Young, G. M., Badget, J. L., and Miller, V. L. (2000). Motility is required to initiate host cell invasion by Yersinia enterocolitica. Infect. Immun. 68, 4323-4326. 

According to the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, a), the total number of laboratory-confirmed cases of foodborne infections in the U.S. in 2002 was 16,580, including (rates per 100,000 people) salmonellosis (16.1), campylobacteriosis (13.3), and shigellosis (10.3). Escherichia coli 0157, Listeria, Vibrio, Yersinia, Cryptosporidium, Cyclospora, and hemolytic-uremic E. coli were also found to be the causes of infections. The morbidity rate reached about 46 cases per 100,000 people. 

Tapeworm infections are caused by Taenia solium. Tinea pedis causes the fungal infection known os athlete s foot. Yersinia pestis is implicated in plague, Candida albicans is responsible for candidiasis while Chlamydia frachomifis causes eye infections. 

Milnes, A. S., Stewart, I., Clifton-Hadley, F. A., Davies, R. H., Newell, D. G., Sayers, A. R., Cheasty, T., Cassar, C., Ridley, A., Cook, A. J., Evans, S. J., Teale, C. J., et al. (2008). Intestinal carriage of verocytotoxigenic Escherichia coli 0157, Salmonella, thermophilic Campylobacter and Yersinia enterocolitica, in cattle, sheep and pigs at slaughter in Great Britain during 2003. Epidemiol. Infect. 136, 739-746. 

Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, bacteria that are carried through infected flea bites, direct contact, and by inhalation of infective materials. Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague and is derived from the bite of a flea that fed previously on infected animals. Pneumonic plague causes the greatest amount of mortality and is transmitted by aerosol. It... 

Rapid intravenous administration may result in hypotension. Adverse idiosyncratic responses such as flushing, abdominal discomfort, and rash have also been observed. Pulmonary complications (eg, acute respiratory distress syndrome) have been reported in some patients undergoing deferoxamine infusions lasting longer than 24 hours, and neurotoxicity and increased susceptibility to certain infections (eg, with Yersinia enterocolitica) have been described after long-term therapy of iron overload conditions (eg, thalassemia major). 

During World War II, the Japanese dropped fleas infected with plague (Yersinia pestis) on Chinese cities, killing hundreds and possibly thousands. Thousands of documents captured from the Japanese following the war further attest to the Japanese use of anthrax, typhoid, and plague on Manchurian towns and cities. This information proved to be a stimulus for the United States to seriously begin to study the area of germ warfare. 

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