Flea bites

Routes of Entry to the Body Inhalation, ingestion, flea bite. 

Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague. This occurs when an infected flea bites a person or when materials contaminated with Y. pestis enter through a break in a person s skin. Patients develop swollen, tender lymph glands (called buboes) and fever, headache, chills, and weakness. Bubonic plague does not spread from person to person. 

Plague is caused by Yersinia pestis, bacteria that are carried through infected flea bites, direct contact, and by inhalation of infective materials. Bubonic plague is the most common form of plague and is derived from the bite of a flea that fed previously on infected animals. Pneumonic plague causes the greatest amount of mortality and is transmitted by aerosol. It... 

Plagne remains a rare but reportable disease in the United States, with 390 cases reported from 1947 to 1996. Of these cases, 84% were bubonic, 13% septicemic, and 2% were pneumonic (23). Most hnman cases in the United States occur in two regions northern New Mexico, northern Arizona, and southern Colorado and California, southern Oregon, and far western Nevada (http //www.cdc.gov/ncidod/ dvbid/plague/epi.htm). Modes of transmission are known for 284 of 341 cases reported between 1970 and 1995 Flea bites were responsible for 222 (78%) cases, direct contact with an infected animal was responsible for 56 (20%) cases and inhalation of airborne materials snch as respiratory droplets from infected animals was responsible for 7 (2%) cases. Los Angeles was the site of the last person-to-person transmission in the United States in 1924 (23). 

Entry Flea bites or directly by bites of rats, other... 

It is caused by the Yersinia pestis bacterium. Rodents are the normal host of plague, and the disease is transmitted to humans by flea bites and occasionally by aerosol in the form of pneumoitic plague. The disease has a history of use in biological warfare dating back many centuries (see Roman times, above), and is considered a threat due to its ease of culture and ability to remain in circulation in rodents for long periods. 

Plague has been one of the worst human pandemics throughout history. Its use as a biological warfare agent, however, is not known. The disease is attributed to the bacteria Yersinia pestis, and caused mostly from bites of rat flea. The animals that transmit this disease are mostly black rats and the rock and ground squirrels. When the flea bites an infected animal the bacteria enter into the body of the flea and multiply inside. When the infected flea attempts to bite again it vomits clotted blood and bacteria into the bloodstream of the victim, either human or a small mammal, usually rat. Thus the disease is mostly transmitted from rodents from the bites of infected fleas. 

Bubonic Plague A bacterial disease, caused by Yersinia pestis and transmitted by flea bites, that spread in the blood and lymphatic system. 

Ten is only a flea-bite Kostanzhonglo replied. They say he has made over forty million. Half of Russia will soon be in his hands. ... 

The natural reservoirs are rats (Rattus rattus, Rattus norvegicus, Rattus exulans) and fleas. Fleas remain infected for life. R. typhi is not transmitted by the bite of the flea, but rather by contamination of the bite, or other open wounds, by the infected feces of the flea. 

Bites from infected flies, fleas, ticks, or mosquitos... 

Routes of exposure Inhalation, bites by infected fleas... 

Yersinia pestis Inhalation, bite of infected flea Incubation period 2—10 days... 

Great fleas have lesser fleas upon their backs to bite them. And lesser fleas have lesser still. And so ad infinitum. 

Yersinia pestis, a gram-negative bacterium carried by fieas and Bite of infecfed flea, droplet spread... 

The most prevalent ectoparasite of companion animals is the flea. Unfortunately, fleas do not restrict their eating habits to our four-legged friends as most owners will testify. Bites, themselves, are rarely felt, it is the allergic dermatitic reactions to the flea... 

Carnivores Most of us are familiar with carnivorous insects such as mosquitoes, deer flies, and biting midges. These pests land on mammals or birds, suck blood for a short period of time, and then fly away. Others that feed on blood, such as lice and fleas, live on the skin of animals, hidden in their fur. Gardeners should also get to know the large group of carnivorous insects that feed on insects or other arthropods. These are divided into two main groups—predators and parasites. 

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