Yeast cell morphology

Ohtani M et al (2004) Development of image processing program for yeast cell morphology. J Bioinform Comput Biol 1 695-709... 

Kluiyama H. Slaughter J.C. (1995) Control of cell morphology of die yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by nutrient limitation in continuous culture. LettApplMicrobiol, 20, 37-40. 

Binder, M., Hartig, A., and Sata, T. 1996. Immunogold labeling of yeast cells An efficient tool for the study of protein targeting and morphological alterations due to overexpression and inactivation of genes. Histochem. Cell Biol. 706 115-130. 

Since the coumarin compounds show phosphodiesterase inhibitory activity, the observed change in the morphology of Candida albicans could be partly due to this property. Each Candida yeast cell can normally have a budding scar or the daughter cell still attached to it [319]. The possible cause of multibudding phenomenon could be PD inhibition. A similar observation was done in treatment with caffeine, which at the subinhibitory concentrations caused an increase in unusual modes of proliferation with signs of multiple budding in Candida albicans [320]. 

Khazak, V., Sadhale, P. P., Woychik, N. A., Brent, R., and Golemis, E. A. (1995). Human RNA polymerase II subunit hsRPB7 functions in yeast and influences stress survival and cell morphology. Mol. Biol. Cell 6(7), 759-775. 

The point at which the fungal cell can be considered dead is debatable [297]. It is not possible to reverse the lethal action of polyenes once sufflcient antibiotic molecules have combined with the cell membrane. Lethal levels of nystatin brought glycolysis of S. cerevisiae to a halt within 40 min [298] and 95% of the yeast cells were not viable after 30 min. Cell death inevitably follows destruction of membrane permeability. Whether the observed changes in cell metabolism, composition or morphology are causes or symptoms of death is unclear the sequence of antibiotic action in organisms other than fungi has received little attention. 

Saville SP, Lazzell AL, Monteagudo C et al. Engineered control of cell morphology in vivo reveals distinct roles for yeast and filamentous forms of Candida albicans during infection. Eukaryot Cell 2003 2 1053-1060. 

Colony and cell morphology varies with isolation media. Barnett et al. (1983) describe Z bailii as ovoidal to cylindrical in shape (depending on growth medium), in the size range 4.5-11.5 pm x S.5-6.5 pm. The yeast exhibits multilateral budding leading to formation of a simple pseudomycelium. 

Fig. 9. AFM and SEM images of yeast cells, showing the surface morphology changes after treatment with hydrogen peroxide (a,b). Untreated cell imaged with AFM and SEM, respectively (c,d). Hydrogen peroxide treated cells imaged with AFM and SEM, respectively (e,f). Quantitative measurement of the topographic profiles of lines A and B in (c).

Thimon, L., Peypoux, F, Wallach, J., Michel, G. Effect of hpopeptide antibiotic iturin on morphology and membrane ultrastructure of yeast cells. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1995, 128,101-106. 

In bacteria and yeasts, Li+ has strain-dependent, inhibitory, and morphological effects upon growth. The driving force behind the transport of carbohydrates and amino acids in bacteria is the proton gradient, and in both E. coli [228] and Salmonella typhimurium cells [229], Li+ stimulates the movement of proline into cells via a Li+/proline symport and the transport of melibiose via a cotransport pathway [230]. In both cases, Li+ is replacing Na+ and results in the inhibition of growth. 

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