Year, great

The study of catalytic reactions using surface science teclmiques has been fniithil over the last 30 years. Great strides have been made towards understanding the fiindamentals of catalytic reactions, particularly by... 

Cultivar and harvest year greatly influenced P-carotene contents of acerola fruits, reaching a difference of ca. 2.5 times in a comparison of the same acerola cultivar harvested at the same plantation during two consecutive harvest years. In addition, differences up to 3 times were found in a comparison of the p-carotene contents of two acerola cultivars (Table 4.2.1). ... 

In recent years, great efforts have been devoted toward the preparation of well-defined metallasiloxanes, compounds having Si-O-M linkages (M =s-,p-, d- and /-block elements). In general, these efforts are motivated by the prospect... 

In recent years, great advances have been made in the application of new bio-catalytic and chemocatalytic procedures, in particular with respect to asymmetric synthesis, but processes are still mainly step-by-step and rather arbitrary combinations of catalytic and stoichiometric conversions. The latter pose increasing problems for eco-efficient and economic manufacturing on an industrial scale. 

Knowledge of the levels of chemicals in the body can be used to track the effectiveness of efforts to reduce human exposure to certain chemicals. It may be of use in the conduct of health studies and risk assessments. The NHANES survey and similar efforts around the world will, in the next several years, greatly increase our understanding of chemical exposure. 

A study of the latter type is made more difficult since plants, even a single plant, usually contain a large number of different classes of chemical compounds and at the same time may be interacting with a wide variety of different organisms as well as with each other (], . Nevertheless over recent years great progress has been made... 

During the past 10 years great strides have been made in the development and service application of highly loaded, synthetic rubber-base and interstitially-cast double-base composite-modified propellants. Largely for this reason and for economic and logistic reasons as well, the slurry-cast nitrocellulose plastisols have been relegated to a secondary role. 

During the past few years great efforts have been made to overcome the 50% threshold of enzyme-catalyzed KRs. Among the methods developed, deracemization processes have attracted considerable attention. Deracemizations are processes during which a racemate is converted into a non-racemic product in 100% theoretical yield without intermediate separation of materials [5]. This chapter aims to provide a summary of chemoenzymatic dynamic kinetic resolutions (DKRs) and chemoenzymatic cyclic deracemizations. 

The design of the catalysts is very important for the hydrogenation processes. During the years, great improvements have been achieved. However, it is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss these issues. A good introduction can be found in the brochures from the various catalyst manufacturers. 

In recent years, great progress has been made in quantum-mechanical calculations of the properties of small organic molecules by so-called ab initio methods, which means calculations from basic physical theory using only fundamental constants, without calibration from known molecular constants. Calculations that are calibrated by one or more known properties and then used to compute other properties are called semiempirical calculations. 

In recent years great strides have been made in the study of reaction mechanisms in organic chemistry, and these studies have been applied to many reactions including py-rolytic, cracking, and dehydration reactions. 

Great Salt Lake. During the past 25,000 years, Great Salt Lake has varied from the deep (300 meters), freshwater Lake Bonneville to a very shallow (<8 meters), highly saline lake. The first-order expectation for sulfur concentrations in a lake alternating between fresh water (low sulfate) and saline water (high sulfate) are ... 

Stereochemistry is both the most difficult and the most interesting aspect of the design of organic syntheses. In recent years great advances have been made in diastereoselectivity17 and enantioselectivity.18 These themes are pursued in Strategy and Control.19... 

In the past few years great technical progress has been made in lyophiliza-tion. Lyophilization and ampouling under nitrogen also overcomes the problems of destructive postal delays. Therefore, the BCR has decided to prepare the reference material as lyophilized human serum. Some people believe that lyophilization alters the properties of the serum to such an extent that problems can arise in matrix-dependent measuring techniques such as radioimmunoassay (RIA) and competitive protein binding (CPB) (Menson and Adams, 1977 Fraser et al., 1978 DiSilvio, 1979). Indeed, before the lyophilized material can be used it should be checked to determine whether the material can be satisfactorily reconstituted and whether it can be assayed by the different techniques currently in use in clinical laboratories. 

In recent years, great attention has been given to the application of coordination polymers in the development of new porous materials to be applied in gas adsorption and other fields [226-236], Some authors consider that in comparison with usual porous materials, for example, zeolites and activated carbons, these materials are more promissory, as a consequence of the fact that their framework is designable and more flexible because of a diversity of coordination... 

This program formed the basis for tests in subsequent years. Greatly improved biological information is now available. Controlled-release formulations of disparlure have been improved. On the basis of this experience, we can now define where formulations of disparlure might play a role in gypsy moth control. 

In the past years, great efforts have been tried on interfacial structure of both CNTs and polymers through covalent modification on the sidewall of CNTs and polymer molecule. There are several classical ways of surface treatment, which improve the colloidal stability of CNTs and the interaction between CNT and... 

During the last 20 years, great progress was made in the synthesis of molecular sieves (Table 1.1) and in the understanding of the catalytic transformation of organic molecules on zeolites. This fundamental knowledge was successfully... 

---