Yard , conversion

Studies show that N20 was emitted from animal houses at the rate of 4-5 mg N m 2 d 1, with straw as bedding material, whereas when no bedding material was used, little or no N20 was emitted from slurry-based cattle or pig building as complete anaerobic condition would have maintained [52]. Deep litter system with fattening pigs showed much higher emission compared to slurry based pig houses, while mechanical mixing still further increased N20 emission [53]. In cattle collection yards, there had been very less or no N20 emission as the anaerobic condition prevents conversion of NH4+ to N03-. 

We know the neighbors pretty well. We have cookouts and we know each other. We have kids the same age. . . the conversation is not about the yard. That s not my main motivation to go over and talk to someone. Mostly it is about common aspects of kids and sports. 

In this chapter, I offer suggestions on how to choose the unit or units and then how to work with the unit or units you ve chosen. This chapter also covers the tricky conversions of square feet to square inches or cubic yards to cubic feet. And, of course, no discussion of units is complete without introducing meters and kilograms, so you get conversions involving metric and English measures. 

Flowchart of yard waste biomass processing plant Biomass conversion leqrires a separate process to break down complex five-cait>on sugars. 

Convert 3.50 yards to (a) millimeters, (b) meters. According to Table 1-2, the conversion factor used to move between the English and metric system (SI) units is 1 in/2.54cm (2.54 x 10-2 m). 

Notice that for every two units of measure that are equal to each other (such as 1 yard and 3 feet), two conversion factors can be written, one the reciprocal of the other. You will soon see how to decide which of the two to use. 

Since 1893, the U.S. basis of length measurement has been derived from metric standards. In 1959, a small refinement was made in the definition of the yard to resolve discrepancies both in this country and abroad which changed its length from 3600/3937 m to 0.9144 m exactly. This resulted in the new value being shorter by two parts in a million. At the same time, it was decided that any data in feet derived from and published as a result of geodetic surveys within the U.S. would remain with the old standard (1 ft = 1200/3937 m) until further decision. This foot is named the U.S. survey foot. As a result, all U.S. land measurements in U.S. customary units will relate to the meter by the old standard. All the conversion factors in this table for units referenced to this footnote are based on the U.S. survey foot rather than on the international foot. 

The metric system problem, part (a), can be solved without paper and pencil— by moving the decimal point in 5.200 three places to the right. The English system conversion, part (b), requires that we remember the number of yards per mile (harder than the 1000 m/km metric conversion factor) and that we use pencil and paper or a calculator to do the arithmetic. The conversion factor 1000 is used for kilograms, kilohters, kilowatts, and any other factor involving the prefix kilo-. The English conversion factor 1760 yd/mile is not used in any other conversion. 

The relationships between the customary units are not as systematic as the relationships between units in the metric system. Here, lengths are measured in inches, feet, yards, and miles. Weights are measured in pounds and ounces. And volumes are measured in cubic inches, cubic feet, and so forth. Below is a chart of common conversions for customary units. 

Any measuring unit, in whatever system, will be too big for some applications and too large for others. People would not appreciate having their waist measurements in miles or their weights in tons. That s why we have inches and pounds. The problem, though, is that in the American system the conversion factors between various-sized units—12 inches per foot, 3 feet per yard, 1,760 yards per... 

You make unit conversions everyday when you determine how many quarters are needed to make a dollar or how many feet are in a yard. One unit that is often used in calculations in chemistry is the mole. Chapter 11 shows you equivalent relationships among mole, grams, and the number of representative particles (atoms, molecules, formula units, or ions). For example, one mole of a substance contains 6.02 X 10 representative particles. Try the next example to see how this information can be used in a conversion factor to determine the number of atoms in a sample of manganese. 

Step 2. Insert the required conversion factors to change between units. The conversion factors will be in fraction form, and they will be orientated in such a way that we can cross-cancel the units that we don t want and keep the units that we do want. In this example, we will need either 2 or 3 conversion factors, depending on how you choose to solve it. If you convert inches to yards directly, you will only need 2 conversion factors. For the sake of clarity, I will use two steps to convert inches to yards and will use a total of 3 conversion factors. 

Before we move on to the next step, look carefully at how we set up the conversion factors. The actual order that you write the conversion factors doesn t matter at all, so I could have started with 1 foot = 12 inches, or 1 yard = 3 feet. What does matter is that you set it up so that you can crosscancel the units that you don t want. You know you set it up correctly if you can cross out all of the units, except for the ones that you wanted to keep. Finally, notice that each conversion factor is reducible to 1, because both the denominator and the numerator represent the same value. You would not set up a fraction that reads 12 inches / 60 minutes, because that is not a true conversion. 

Clearly, operations such as the conversion of 1.62 yards to units of miles are not straightforward. In fact, the English "system" is not really a system at all. It is simply a collection of measures accumulated throughout English history. Because they have no fimctional relationship, it is not surprising that conversion from one unit to another is not straightforward. 

Miles yards meters kilometers Step 2 and Step 3 for each conversion Miles Yards ... 

When you feel comfortable with the conversion process, you can combine the steps. The combined expression is miles yards meters kilometers. 

Given that 1 mi = 1760 yd, determine what conversion factor is appropriate to convert 1849 yd to miles and to convert 2.781 mi to yards. 

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