X-ray CT imaging

Sekihara, K., H. Kohno, and S. Yamamoto, Theoretical prediction of x-ray CT image quality using contrast-detail diagrams. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 1982. NS-29(6) p. 2115-2121. 

Numerous texts and a wealth of literature exist that describe many approaches to X-ray CT imaging. Examples include Refs [2—4]. All approaches involve a large number of X-ray transmission measurements of the item being imaged. In addition to measuring transmission at different positions of the item, all these measurements are then repeated at a large number of different trajectory directions of the incident X-ray beams. 

Figure 3.35 (See color insert following page 390.) X-ray CT imaging shows radial dissociation of a hydrate core. Image number 1 -8 (top number on each image) recorded over 0-245 min (bottom number on each image). The cell pressure was decreased from 4.65 to 3.0 MPa over 248 min. The hydrate core temperature decreased from 277 to 274 K with time, following the three-phase methane hydrate equilibrium line. (From Gupta, A., Methane Hydrate Dissociation Measurements andModeling The Role of Heat Transfer and Reaction Kinetics, Ph.D. Thesis Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO (2007). With permission.)...

Yantarasri et al (2000) observed significant differences between durian fruit of 50% maturity (CT number —70.59) and durian fruit of 80% maturity (CT number —45.18). The CT number computed from the image intensity showed an increasing trend with the increase in maturity according to a polynomial relationship with R2 = 0.99. Brecht et al. (1991) reported similar results in tomato in which X-ray CT images showed intense signal in the gel tissue of fully mature tomatoes that appeared brighter than that of immature fruit. Suzuki et al. (1994) reported CT number referred to unripened papaya lower than that of the ripened ones. 

The bicontinuous structure of the PMMA-rich and PS-Br-rich domains can be non-destructively observed in both the 3D NMR and X-ray CT images as shown in Figure 16. 

The log-log plots of the integrated intensity (s(q)) versus (/-space calculated by FT of both the 3D NMR and X-ray CT images of PS-Br/PMMA blend samples are shown in Figure 24A-C, where the thermal treatment times for the samples are 6 h... 

FIGURE 10.4 High-resolution X-ray CT images from the top and side of the same sampie. 

Figure 4.7 X-ray CT images of a live mouse (A) before and (B) 30 min after intravenous injection of GS-AuNPs. (Reproduced from ref. 19 with permission from John Wiley and Sons. Copyright 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)...

The energy source used for conventional X-ray CT imaging is operating based on the bremsstrahlung principle. A continuous spectrum of X-ray photons is emitted and filtered before exposure of the scanned object. After passage through tissue, the energy spectrum of a poly-... 

Aykac D, Hoffman EA, McLennan G, Reinhardt JM (2003) Segmentation and analysis of the human airway tree from three-dimensional X-ray CT images. IEEE Trans Med Imaging 22 940-950... 

Robbins SL, Cotran RS, Kumar V, Collins T (eds) (1999) Pathologic basis of disease, 6th edn. Saunders, Philadelphia Saba 01, Hoffman EA, Reinhardt JM (2003) Maximizing quantitative accuracy of lung airway lumen and wall measures obtained from X-ray CT imaging. J Appl Physiol 95 1063-1075... 

Babu SK, Chung HT, Wu G, Zelenay P, Litster S (2014) Modeling hitaarchical non-precious metal catalyst cathodes for PEFCs using multi-scale X-ray CT imaging. ECS Trans 64 281-292... 

Figure 1. Images of a patient with hepatoma taken from the Birmingham clinical studies, courtesy of P J Julyan. Top left X-ray CT image through the uppo abdomen. Top right SPECT image of I-HPMA-doxorubicin-galactosamine conjugate t en at the same level as the CT image. Bottom Fused anatomical and functional images.

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