Writing inks

Water-Based Writing Inks. These consist of very fine pigment dispersions in aqueous media containing small amounts of glycol or glycerol and a dispersing aid. They dry mainly by evaporation and quick wetting of ceUulosic fibers in paper substrates. 

Spkit Blue [2152-64-9] Cl Solvent Blue 23 (Cl 42760), is one of the few dyes sulfonated as the leuco base. The degree of sulfonation depends on the conditions. Monosulfonated derivatives, commonly referred to as alkaU blues, eg. Cl Acid Blue 119 [1324-76-17, are used as thek barium or calcium salts in printing inks. Disulfonated compounds, eg. Cl Acid Blue 48 [1324-77-2] are employed as thek sodium or ammonium salts for blueing paper, whereas the trisulfonic derivatives or ink blues, eg. Cl Acid Blue 93 [28983-56A] are used in writing inks (qv). 

Modem writing inks usually contain ferrous sulphate, together with a small amount of mineral organic acid. The resulting solution is light bluish black, and results in... 

Modem inks for printing are usually less fluid than writing inks. The composition, viscosity, density, volatility, and diffusibility of ink may vary, but adding less solvent has the effect of increasing the intensity of the colour, i.e. the absorbance is proportional to the concentration c of the chromophore. 

Water-based inks, 14 326 Water-based muds, 9 3-5 Water-based writing inks, 14 328 Water-borne adhesives, 25 475 Waterborne alkyds, 2 156-158 Waterborne automotive coatings, 10 448 Waterborne can coating system, 10 445-446... 

Wrinkle resistance, in fiber finishing, 22 593-594 Writing inks early, 14 311 water-based, 14 328 Wrought... 

Wang, J. A., Sun, S. Q., Zhou, Q., et al. (1999). Nondestructive identification of ballpoint writing inks with Fourier transform infrared microscope. Chinese Journal of Analytical Chemistry 27 697-700. 

Iii—Encre, French Tlnte, German Atramentum, Latin.—Inlt, according to the purposes For which it is intended, is found in different forms. Writing ink, which is of various colors, is liquid, and may be either a clear fluid, as ordinary red ink, or may consist of a finely-divjded precipitate equally diffused through the menstruum, as in common black ink. Printing ink is likewise of divers hues, but has a pasty consistence. The form of ink known as Indian, which is employed more especially as a water-color, is in solid cakes. 

WRITING INKS.—There are few chemical preparations, perhaps none, of whieh tire benefit in civilized life Is so great, or of which the use is so widely extended, as that of common writing ink consequently, there is no compound tire quality of which it is so necessary to inquire into and yet there is perhaps no subject which, up to a comparatively recent period, has been more neglected by chemists. 

Ordinary black writing ink is now made from galls, sulphate of iron, green copperas, and gum. Other substances may be and. often are employed, but thoBe just named are the only requisite, and the best materials. 

Still, very little really definite knowledge of ancient writing inks can be obtained, and the Editor will therefore confine liis attention, to the modern ones,... 

Writing inks were io this state when the improvements introduced by. Mr. Henry Stephens of London first appeared. This gentleman, applying the knowledge of chemistry which he obtained in his studies for the medical profession, to which he once belonged, engaged in extensive and successful, researches upon atromental fluids. 

He describes two blue printing inks the one Is made by taking the soluble Prussian blue obtained in the manufacture of Ms blue writing ink, and rubbing it up with oil or, by triturating with oil the residue obtained by evaporating his blue ink. 

Lithographic Printing Ink.—The composition of lithographic writing ink has boon already given. That which is employed to taka impressions on paper from engraved plates, with a view to their transference to the stona, may be composed as follows -—Tallow, wax, and soap, of each four ounces shellaa, throe ounces gum-mastic, two and a half ounces black pitch, one ounce and a half to which add lamp-black to color. 

The Editor cannot conclude the present article without expressing ins thanks to Mr. Henry Stephens, for his kindness In supplying him with information respecting writing inks and also to Messrs. Benjamin Smith and Sou—who make the ink with which this work is printed, and who have a world-wide fame for the excellence of their productions—for similar favors with regard to printing ink. 

Ink Printing,—By means of tine process, positive printe may be obtained in common writing ink. A ijheot of paper is immersed in a nearly saturated solution of bichromate of petassa", and dried. It Is then exposed under a negetive to sunshine for a low mitmtes. Where the light acts the bichromate is reduced, and a brown positive upon a yellow ground, obtained. This is well... 

Black writing inks may be classified according to their composition as follows ... 

Similar to ink-jet inks, aqueous drawing and writing inks contain water miscible cosolvents as humectants or moisturizers (e.g., glycols, glycerin, or sorbitol), which stabilize the ink in the pen and at the nib. Typically, biocides and tensides are added to the ink formulation. 

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