World-wide chemical industry

The major changes in the world-wide chemical industry since 1945 have... 

The main commercial source of methane, ethane, and propane is natural gas, which is found ia many areas of the world ia porous reservoirs they are associated either with cmde oil (associated gas) or ia gas reservoirs ia which no oil is present (nonassociated gas). These gases are basic raw materials for the organic chemical industry as well as sources of energy. The composition of natural gas varies widely but the principal hydrocarbon usually is methane (see Gas, natural). Compositions of typical natural gases are Hsted ia Table 2. 

This technique, widely used in U.S. plants during World War II, helped to ensure rehabihty and performance of military supphes. Once the war ended, SPG lost favor. However, in the face of rising Japanese product quahty, SPG was reintroduced. In the chemical industry the use of SPG continues to grow in popularity as a key element of an ongoing continuous improvement. 

Intensive world-wide competition as first the major chemical companies in the main industrial countries entered the field of plastics manufacture, this being followed by the policy of many less industrialised countries to become involved in this area. 

The fact that our daily lives are so dependent on the chemical industry does not appear to be widely recognized, even by those working in the chemical industry. And so, as companies are forced in a world economy to become more productive and more quality conscious, as well as having a greater concern for the environment, it becomes essential that their present and future employees understand the basic concepts upon which the chemical industry (indeed, our modern existence) is based. This book is designed to aid in that understanding by reviewing the important aspects of industrial chemistry in a way that can be understood even by those who have not taken any formal chemistry courses. 

L-Cysteine is a high value a-amino acid used world-wide in a scale of 1200-15001 year-1 as additive in foodstuffs, cosmetics or as intermediate or active agent (as antidote to several snake venoms) in the pharmaceutical industry. Chemical routes generally lack the efficiency of electrochemical techniques, or they produce mixtures of l- and d- forms rather than the L-isomer. The most common electrochemical route is the cathodic reduction of L-Cystine in acid (usually HC1) solution to produce the stable hydrochloride. In Table 10, the charateristic data for a laboratory bench, laboratory pilot and a product pilot reaction using a DEM filter press are compared [13]. A production scale study was carried out in a filterpress reactor divided by a cation exchange membrane with a total area of 10.5 m2. The typical product inventory was 450 kg/24-hour batch time. For more details see Ref. [13]. 

The chemical industry s concern for confidentiality of innovative chemical products is a world-wide problem, with a variety of responses by governments, interest groups and companies. 

Skanska is one of the world s largest construction companies and was ranked by the Financial Times as the world s most respected company in the property and construction sector. Skanska Sweden was a leader in developing a national, industry-wide chemical database. The Skanska database now contains over 5,000 chemical products and stipulates if a substance is banned from use, should be avoided or represents an environmentally favourable choice. This positive approach, based on the substitution principle, prevents the company being stifled by the prohibition of a substance, since existing alternatives are instantly presented. 

A membership site for daily, world-wide news and resources for the chemical industry. Also a buyers trading forum. 

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