With terephthaloyl chloride process

Table X. Activation Energy of the Degradation Process of Selected Lignin Sulfonates as well as their Derivatives with Terephthaloyl Chloride...

Aromatic copolyamides, including the 50/50 (molar) copolymer of 3,4 -diamino-diphenyl ether with terephthaloyl chloride, are synthesized in a similar manner using amide solvent-salt combinations, in practice NMP-CaCl2- This 50/50 copolymer is in fact not processed via lyotropic solution, but rather directly as the (relatively dilute) polymerization reaction mixture the impressive yarn properties are realized only after hot drawing. Concentrated LC solutions in sulfuric acid are inaccessible due to degradation of the polymer in that medium. 

In conclusion, the hydroxyl terminated poly(arylene ether sulfone) oligomers of controllable molecular weight were synthesized by the NMP/K CO route. These oligomers were isolated and reacted in a second step with terephthaloyl chloride with or without added biphenol to form segmented copolymers. This second reaction was performed either in solution or interfacial-ly. It was found that the interfacial process allowed a higher percentage... 

The effect of bisphenol structure on kinetic parameters of their high temperature reaction with terephthaloyl chloride has been evaluated and discussed. " In this field a new preparative process involving the interaction of a pre-formed polyester, a diacid, and bisphenol diacetates in the melt-phase has been described. Kinetic and mechanistic studies have indicated the reaction to occur via the simultaneous cleavage of the pre-formed polyester by the diacid, condensation polymerization of carboxy and bisphenol acetate groups, and equilibration through polyester cleavage by carboxyl polymer ends. 

Polyamides can also be made by the reaction of amines with acyl halides, where the condensate is hydrochloric acid. This process is used to make aromatic polyamides, notably Kevlar and Nomex (Scheme 1.7). The reaction of p-phenylenediamine with terephthaloyl chloride results in the high performance p-aramid Kevlar. While Kevlar is expensive because processing requires the use of anhydrous sulfuric acid as solvent, its outstanding mechanical and thermal properties led to its use in demanding applications, including personal armor, bicycle tires, and racing sails. 

Condensation of terephthaloyl chloride with diphenyl ether and di-phenoxybenzene yields a copolymer of PEK and PEEK. Aluminum trichloride and lithium chloride are used as Friedel-Crafts catalysts and the process is carried out in a slurry of dichloromethane. 

Kevlar is synthesized by the condensation of 1,4-phenylenediamine and terephthaloyl chloride. The S5uithesis is shown in Figure 13.5. NMP is used as a solvent, together with CaCl2 as an ionic component. " The process... 

Aromatic hydrazides and amide-hydrazides can similarly be prepared by condensation of diacid chlorides and hydrazine or preformed aromatic hydrazides in amide solvents, usually with salt added. Most attention in this field has been centered on the adduct from 4-aminobenzohydrazide and terephthaloyl chloride this product was not processed via a liquid crystalline solution, although lyotropic behaviour under special circumstances was reported processing was carried out using the amide solution resulting from the polymerization LC behaviour was observed in sulfuric acid solution [2, 3]. 

Polyester carbonates can be prepared by the copolymerization of BPA with diacyl chlorides such as iso- or terephthaloyl chloride (eq. (14)) (86). These polymers have been commercialized by Bayer AG, GE, Dow Chemical, and Mitsubishi Chemical, Ltd. Melt processes to prepare these materials have also been demonstrated. In some cases, a diacid can be used directly because reaction with phosgene... 

The process of polycondensation of terephthaloyl-bis( -oxybenzoyl-chloride) with decamethyleneglycol resulting in liquid-crystal polyester was studied in Ref [131], The monomers containing groups of complex... 

Phthaloyl chlorides [isophthaloyl chloride (ICL) and terephthaloyl chlo-ride(TCL)] are made by at least two processes, both involving the chlorination of phthalic acid. In the first (13), xylene is chlorinated by a photochemical reaction to form hexachloroxylene. The hexachloroxylene then reacts with phthalic acid to give the corresponding phthaloyl chloride and by-product HCl. Phthaloyl chloride is purified by double distillation. To produce ICL by this reaction, m-xylene and isophthalic acid are the starting materials. To produce TCL, the process starts with p-xylene and terephthalic acid. Phthaloyl chlorides can also be produced by reacting intermolecular anhydrides of the corresponding acids with phosgene, in the presence of an amide catalyst such as DMF or DMA (14). 

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