Wisconsin water

Hurley JP, Benoit JM, Babiarz CL, Shafer MM, Andren AW, Sullivan JR, Hammond R, Webb DA. 1995. Influences of watershed characteristics on mercury levels in Wisconsin waters. Environ Sci Technol 29 1867-1875. 

Interior, U.S. Geological Survey, State of Wisconsin Water Resources Research Institute Program 14-08-0001-G890. We also wish to thank Jean Schneider and Helen Crogan for typing the manuscript. 

Miller, M. A. Madenjian, C.P. Masnado, R.G., Patterns of organochlorine contamination in lake trout from Wisconsin waters of the Great Lakes J. Great Lakes Res. 1992, 18, 742-754. 

University of Wisconsin, Water Chemistry Program, Madison, WI 53706... 

Krabbenhoft D. P., Benoit J. M., Babiarz C. L., Hurley J. P., and Andren A. W. (1995) Mercury cycling in the Allequash Creek watershed, northern Wisconsin. Water Air Soil Pollut. 80, 425-433. 

Axness, K. A., Potokar, J., and Van Drasek, T., 2002, When the well runs dry examining the water supply issues in Brown County, Wisconsin Water Resources IMPACT, v. 4, no. 2, p. 4-8. 

Keating, E. H., and Bahr, J. M., 1998, Reactive transport modeling of redox geochemistry Approaches to chemical disequilibrium and reaction rate estimation at a site in northern Wisconsin Water Resources Research, v. 34, p. 3573-3584. 

Riewe, T., Weissbach, A., Heinen, L., and Stoll, R. C., 2000, Naturally occurring arsenic in well water in Wisconsin Water Well Journal, p. 24-29. 

Water was first used to generate electricity in 1880 in Grand Rapids, Michigan when a water turbine was used to provide storefront lighting to the city. In 1882—only two years after Thomas Edison demonstrated the incandescent light bulb—the first hydroelectric station to use Edison s system was installed on the Fox River at Appleton, Wisconsin. In 1881, construction began on the first hydroelectric generat-... 

Syers, J.K. Iskandar, I.K. Keeney, D.R. Distribution and Background Levels of Mercury in Sediment Cores from Selected Wisconsin Lakes. Water Air Soil Pollut. 1973 2, 105-118. 

Groundwater has also been surveyed for methyl parathion. In a study of well water in selected California communities, methyl parathion was not detected (detection limit of 5 ppb) in the 54 wells sampled (Maddy et al. 1982), even though the insecticide had been used in the areas studied for over 15 years. An analysis of 358 wells in Wisconsin produced the same negative results (Krill and Sonzogni 1986). In a sampling of California well water for pesticide residues, no methyl parathion was detected in any of the well water samples (California EPA 1995). In a study to determine the residue levels of pesticides in shallow groundwater of the United States, water samples from 1,012 wells and 22 springs were analyzed. Methyl parathion was not detected in any of the water samples (Kolpin et al. 1998). In a study of water from near-surface aquifers in the Midwest, methyl parathion was not detected in any of the water samples from 94 wells that were analyzed for pesticide levels (Kolpin et al. 1995). 

Krill RM, Sonzogni WC. 1986. Chemical monitoring of Wisconsin s groundwater. J Am Water Works Assoc 78 70-75. 

Hanks, R.J. (1983). Yield and water-use relationships an overview. In Limitations to Efficient Water Use in Crop Production, ed. H.M. Taylor, W.R. Jordan and T.R. Sinclair, pp. 393-412. Madison, Wisconsin American Society of Agronomy. 

Wisconsin Human cancer criteria Public water supply Warm water sport fish communities Cold water communities Great Lake communities Nonwater supply Warm water sport fish communities 5 pg/L 5 pg/L 5 pg/L 360 pg/L DNR 1987 DNR 1987... 

Lawrence JR, M Eldan, WC Sonzogni (1993) Metribuzin and metabolites in Wisconsin (USA) well water. Water Res 27 1263-1268. 

A good example is the relationship between GM at their truck and bus plant in Janesville Wisconsin, and one of their Tier 1 suppliers BetzDearborn. The agreement covers water treatment chemicals, paint, lubricants, commodity chemicals and solvents. For a fixed fee per vehicle manufactured, plus some additional service fees, BetzDearborn provides the following services ... 

Babiarz CL, Andren AW. 1995. Total concentrations of mercury in Wisconsin (USA) lakes and rivers. Water Air Soil Pollut 83 173-183. 

Back RC, Watras CJ. 1995. Mercury in zooplankton of northern Wisconsin lakes taxonomic and site-specific trends. Water Air Soil Pollut 80 931-938. 

Meyer MW, Evers DC, Daulton T, Braselton WE. 1995. Common loons (Gavia immer) nesting on low pH lakes in northern Wisconsin have elevated blood mercury content. Water Air Soil Pollut 80 871-880. 

Markholm mm and Bennett JP (1998) Mercury accumulation in transplanted llypogymniaphy-sodes lichens downwind of Wisconsin chlor-alkali plant. Water, Air Soil Poll 102 427-436. 

Water can be disinfected by the use of iodine 2% (5 drops/L) or chlorine 6% (laundry bleach 4 drops/L) or use of a commercial water purifier, such as Portable Aqua tablets (Wisconsin Pharmaceutical). 

Porcelain enameling plants are located primarily in the states of Wisconsin, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Kentucky, and Tennessee. Of the facilities, 76% discharge to publicly owned treatment works (POT Ws), 22% to streams or rivers, and 2% to both. Approximately 10% of the plants recycle, with an average recycle of 9.6 m3/h, which represents 46% of the average process water usage rate of 20.8 m3/h. The total porcelain enamel applied each year by all plants is estimated at 150 x 106 m2. 

Hauser, V.L. and Shaw, M. A., Climate effects on water movement through soil vegetative landfill covers, Seventeenth International Madison Waste Conference, Department of Engineering, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, 1994. 

M Mulski. Water vapor uptake in a heterogeneous matrix. PhD Thesis, University of Wisconsin, 1989. 

The Chemistry of Natural Waters. University of Wisconsin-Superior, http //acad.uwsuper.edu/uwsscied/Life/LABS/H20chem.htm... 

Lee K.W., Keeney D.R. Cadmium and zinc additions to Wisconsin soils by commercial fertilizers and wastewater sludge application. Water Air Soil Pollut 1975 5 109-112. 

Acrylonitrile is not a common contaminant of typical surface water or groundwater. In a state- wide survey of over 1,700 wells in Wisconsin, acrylonitrile was not detected in any sample (Krill and Sonzogni 1986). Acrylonitrile was detected in 46 of 914 samples of surface water and groundwater taken across the United States (Staples et al. 1985), generally at levels less than 10 ppb. 

Woodburn, K.B. (1982) Measurement and Application of the Octanol/Water Partition Coefficient for Selected Polychlorinated Biphenyls. M.Sc. Thesis, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin. 

M. J. Kontny, in Water Vapor Sorption Studies on Solid Surfaces, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wisconsin—Madison, 1985. 

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