Winchester bottles

Pure Ether. Pure ether (entirely free in particular from water) is frequently required in the laboratory, and especially for the preparation and use of Grignard reagents. It is best prepared in quantity for classes by adding an ample quantity of granular calcium chloride to a Winchester bottle of technical ether, and allowing the mixture to stand for at least 24 hours, preferably with occasional shaking. The greater part of the water and... 

The preparation of absolute ethanol in moderate quantity for classes may be carried out as follows. Pour 3 Winchester bottles (i.e., 7-8 litres) of rectified spirit into a 3-gallon (14-15 litre) can C (Fig. 58), add about 600 g. of the... 

Carbon tetrachloride. Although sand is of great value for extinguishing fires, it has the disadvantage that any glass apparatus around which the fire centres is usually smashed under the weight of the sand. Alternatively, therefore, for small fires carbon tetrachloride may be poured in a copious stream from a Winchester Bottle on to the... 

In practice, it is best to purify a quantity, say one Winchester quart bottle, of technical 0 720 ether to cover the requirements of a group of students. The Winchester quart of ether is divided into two approximately equal volumes, and each is shaken vigorously in a large separatory funnel with 10-20 ml. of the above ferrous solution diluted with 100 ml. of water. The latter is removed, the ether transferred to the Winchester bottle, and 150-200 g. of anhydrous calcium chloride is added. The mixture is allowed to stand for at least 24 hours with occasional shaking. Both the water and the alcohol present are thus largely removed. The ether is then filtered through a large fluted filter paper into another clean dry Winchester bottle (CAUTION all flames in the vicinity must be... 

Purification of commercial ether. Divide the contents of a Winchester bottle of ether into approximately two equal volumes and shake each in a large separatory funnel with 10-20 ml of the above iron(n) sulphate solution diluted with 100 ml of water. Remove the aqueous solution and combine the two ether portions in a clean dry Winchester bottle and add 100-200 g of anhydrous calcium chloride. Allow this mixture to stand for 24 hours with occasional shaking the water and ethanol are largely removed during this period. Filter the ether through a large fluted filter paper into another clean dry Winchester... 

Place 2 litres (1760g, 36 mol) of concentrated ammonia solution (d 0.88, 35% w/w) (1) in a large (e.g. Winchester) bottle, cool thoroughly in an ice bath and pour in slowly 77 g (0.5 mol) of 2-bromopropanoic acid (Expt 5.164). Close the bottle with a rubber bung held in place with wire, and leave at room temperature for 4 days. Concentrate the solution to about 250 ml by distillation under reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator apply the vacuum with caution in the initial stages when most of the excess of ammonia is being removed. Filter, concentrate further to 150 ml, cool in ice and add 750 ml of... 

Fig. 3.3. Roller bottle machines. This photograph shows three different models. The one at the rear is the Luckham 6-tier model modified by the manufacturer by provision of a more powerful motor. It is very heavy to manoeuvre and only three standard (4 ) Winchester bottles can be accommodated on each tier. In the foreground are two tiers of a stackable model mad by Voss Instruments. Each tier has a separate motor. On the left is a model made by Mr. Harvey, Department, of Biochemistry, University of Glasgow. A motor drives a rubber belt which rotates the bottles as they rest on small pulley wheels. Each motor drives 40 bottles.

Urine, Urine is diluted 10- or 20-fold with diluting fluid (2). Twenty-four-hour urine specimens should be collected in a Winchester bottle containing 10 ml concentrated HCI in order to prevent precipitation of magnesium and calcium. 

Hii) Transportation of innocuous or dangerous chemicals stored in properly capped Winchester bottles for a short distance must be duly supported both at the base and at the neck, and never at only one of these critical places. However, for longer distances the specially designed movable safety carriers that are commonly available must always be used. 

In addition to hazards caused by flammability, it is also necessary to consider the chemical reactivity of solvents and their interactions and compatibility with other materials in order to ensure the safe use of solvents. For example, the simple addition of waste chloroform solvent to a Winchester bottle containing a mixture of acetone, ether and petroleum ether chromatography solvent residues leads to a vigorous exothermic reaction which bursts the bottle. 

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