Wilcox formation

The first set of data is for oil production from 22 wells. A quaternary ammonium salt polymer clay stabilizer was utilized in five of the well treatments. Otherwise the 22 well treatment designs were identical. Use of the clay stabilizer in 5 well treatments resulted in a 131% production increase compared to a 156% increase after stimulation of 17 wells without clay stabilizer. Although the initial overall production response of the five clay stabilizer treated wells was less, the overall production decline rate was 4% per year compared to 16%/yr for the treatments which did not include the clay stabilizing polymer. This decline rate was determined for the period 4 to 24 months after well treatment. It is tempting to speculate that the lower initial production response of the five polymer treated wells was due to the formation of an adsorbed polymer layer which reduced formation permeability (particularly of the Wilcox Formation) significantly. 

Figure 8.15. Comparison of mole % CO2 in natural gas and ratio of secondary porosity to total porosity with depth for the Wilcox Formation in Texas. The shallow depth points probably have abundant secondary porosity as a result of meteoric water diagenesis, while deep secondary porosity is associated with the increase in CO2. (After Franks and Forester, 1984.)...

In the Guff of Mexico, the increase in Pqq occurs to a greater degree (up to 16 mol.%) and at shallower depths in Eocene units (Wilcox formation) that contain smaller quantities of less-reactive detrital feldspars (of plutonic as opposed to volcanic provenance) (Lundegard and Land, 1986). Apparently, as the detrital feldspar supply is exhausted, pH buffering shifts to the carbonate assemblage. The FcOo rises... 

Figure 13 Quartz on silt grains in Wilcox Formation shale, Eocene, Texas Gulf Coast (a) secondary electron image and (b) panchromatic cathodoluminescence image.

Fig. 5A-G. Relative abundance of organic and bicarbonate alkalinity versus temperature. Black bars represent equivalent acetate concentrations. Stippled bars represent equivalent bicarbonate concentrations. A San Joaquin Basin. Data from Carothers and Kharaka (1978) and Fisher and Boles (1990). B Louisiana Miocene. Data from Land et al. (1988). C Frio Formation (Oligocene), Texas Gulf Coast. Data from Carothers and Kharaka (1978) and Lundegard (1985). D Wilcox Formation (Eocene), Texas Gulf Coast. Data from Lundegard (1985). E Eastern Venezuelan Basin. Data from Fisher (1987). F Gulf of Thailand (Miocene). Data from Lundegard and Trevena (1990). G North Sea (mostly Jurassic). Data from Barth and Riis (1992)...

Fig. 4. Mol% CO2 in gas vs. depth for the Wilcox Formation, Texas Gulf Coast. Horizontal lines separate zones considered to have low, moderate, and high Pco, values. Large arrow represents general trend. Internal and external buffers refer to carbonate system the increasing CO2 content with depth results from (1) generation of organic acid anions, (2) progressive decarboxylation and carbonate dissolution (external buffers), and (3) reestablishment of the carbonate system as the dominant aspect of alkalinity (internal buffer). (After Franks and Forester 1984)...

FIGURE 7.6 Avoid bubble formation in standpipes. (Reprinted from Jack Wilcox, R., Published in Petroleum Technology Quarterly, Troubleshooting Complex FCCU Issues, http //www.ePTQ.com, Q3, 2009. With permission.)... 

Gurd, F. R. N., and Wilcox, P. E. (1956). Complex formation between metallic cations and proteins, peptides, and amino acids. Adv. Protein Chem. 11,311-418. 

The initial predictive method by Wilcox et al. (1941) was based on distribution coefficients (sometimes called Kvsi values) for hydrates on a water-free basis. With a substantial degree of intuition, Katz determined that hydrates were solid solutions that might be treated similar to an ideal liquid solution. Establishment of the Kvsj value (defined as the component mole fraction ratio in the gas to the hydrate phase) for each of a number of components enabled the user to determine the pressure and temperature of hydrate formation from mixtures. These Kysi value charts were generated in advance of the determination of hydrate crystal structure. The method is discussed in detail in Section 4.2.2. 

Crowley, S.S., Warwick, P.D., Ruppert, L.F. and Pontolillo, J. (1997) The origin and distribution of HAPs elements in relation to maceral composition of the Al lignite bed (Paleocene, Calvert Bluff Formation, Wilcox Group), Calvert mine area, east-central Texas. International Journal of Coal Geology, 34, 327-43. 

Gurd, F. R. N. Wilcox, P. E. Complex Formation Between Metallic Cations and Proteins, Peptides and Amino Acids Anson, M. C. Bailey, K. Edsall, J. T., Eds. Advances in Protein Chemistry No. 11 Academic New York, 1956 pp. 312-62. 

Many methods of estinating enthalpies of formation of binary compounds have been proposed (see, e.g., 13). Wilcox and Bromley (14), treating complex compounds analogous to corderoite as double salts, e.g.. 

Wilcox, D.E., and Bromley, R.A., Computer estimation of heat and free energy of formation for simple inorganic compounds, Ind. Eng. Chem., 32-39 (1963). 

Land L. S. and Fisher R. S. (1987) Wilcox sandstone diagenesis, Texas Gulf Coast a regional isotopic comparison with the Frio Formation. In Diagenesis of Sedimentary Sequences, Geological Society of America Special Pubh-cation 36 (ed. 1. D. Marshall). Geological Society of America, Boulder, CO, pp. 219-235. 

Until now, all methods mentioned for the formation of C-glycosides from sugar lactones involve the incorporation of Lewis acid-trialkylsilane methodology for the deoxygenation. However, there are other methods for accomplishing this reaction. One particular example, shown in Scheme 7.48, was reported by Wilcox and Cowart [158] and involves the use of sodium cyanoborohydride in the presence of dichloroacetic acid. This reaction gave a 68% yield. Moreover, the use of p-toluenesulfonic acid instead of dichloroacetic acid totally blocked the desired transformation. 

Mannitol, the most commonly employed osmotic diuretic, is a large polysaccharide molecule. It is often selected for use in the prophylaxis or treatment of oliguric ARF. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and, therefore, is only administered i.v. with its elimination dependent on the GFR (within 30 to 60 min with normal renal function). Mannitol is distributed within the plasma and extracellular fluid spaces and produces an increase in the serum osmolality and expansion of the circulating volume. It is not generally used for the treatment of edema because any mannitol retained in the extracellular fluid can promote further edema formation. Furthermore, acute plasma volume expansion may challenge individuals with poor cardiac contractility and can precipitate pulmonary edema. Mannitol is commonly administered for the treatment of cerebral edema consequent to head trauma or to hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in neonatal foals. Because mannitol promotes water excretion, hypernatremia is a potential complication in patients that do not have free access to water (Martinez-Maldonado Cordova 1990, Wilcox 1991). 

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